Ancient Mesoamerican Artifacts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the Aztec Sun Stone also known as?

  • El Gran Sol
  • Roca del Sol
  • Piedra del Sol (correct)
  • Sol Mexicano

    • Where is the Aztec Sun Stone currently housed?

  • The National Anthropology Museum (correct)
  • The Zócalo Museum
  • The National Museum of Mexico
  • The Mexican History Museum

    • During which ruler's reign is the Aztec Sun Stone thought to have been created?

  • Moctezuma I
  • Nezahualcóyotl
  • Moctezuma II (correct)
  • Cuauhtémoc

    • What was the approximate weight of the Aztec Sun Stone?

    <p>24,590 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deity is popularly believed to be depicted in the center of the Aztec Sun Stone?

    <p>Tonatiuh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was the ancient city of Ocomtún discovered?

    <p>2023</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicated the presence of ancient structures in Ocomtún?

    <p>Lidar images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which civilization is believed to have inhabited Ocomtún?

    <p>Maya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the height of the discovered pyramid structures in Ocomtún?

    <p>15 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term was used by archaeologists to name the site Ocomtún?

    <p>Stone Column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is Ocumtún named after?

    <p>The cylindrical columns scattered throughout the settlement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology is used in lidar research to explore Ocumtún?

    <p>Surveillance equipment that penetrates vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Montevideo Maru's primary function during World War II?

    <p>Military transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many people drowned when the Montevideo Maru sank?

    <p>1,054</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What song did Australians sing as the Montevideo Maru sank?

    <p>Auld Lang Syne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What depth was the wreck of the Montevideo Maru discovered?

    <p>Over 4,000 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which American submarine sank the Montevideo Maru?

    <p>USS Sturgeon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the Montevideo Maru sink?

    <p>1942</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the memorial for the Montevideo Maru located?

    <p>Ballarat, Victoria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who called upon the Australian government to search for the Montevideo Maru in 2010?

    <p>A Federal Member of Parliament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event occurred on 1 July 1942 involving the Montevideo Maru?

    <p>It was sunk by the USS Sturgeon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology was utilized to discover the wreck of the Montevideo Maru?

    <p>Lidar technology for underwater imaging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long did it take for the Montevideo Maru to sink after being hit?

    <p>11 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary role of the Montevideo Maru during World War II?

    <p>Military transport ship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the approximate number of victims aboard the Montevideo Maru when it sank?

    <p>1,054.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where was the wreck of the Montevideo Maru discovered?

    <p>South China Sea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one cultural response from Australians as the Montevideo Maru sank?

    <p>They sang 'Auld Lang Syne'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese express upon the discovery of the Montevideo Maru's wreck?

    <p>Hope for comfort to families involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What notable feature led Šprajc to name the site Ocomtún?

    <p>Numerous cylindrical columns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant discovery was made in relation to the Montevideo Maru in April 2023?

    <p>Its wreck was found at great depth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What period does the carving of the Aztec Sun Stone likely fall between?

    <p>1502 to 1521</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event led to the burial of the Aztec Sun Stone in the Zócalo?

    <p>Spanish conquest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deities have been associated with the central face of the Aztec Sun Stone?

    <p>Tonatiuh and Tlaltecuhtli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did archaeologists discover in Ocomtún in June 2023?

    <p>Ruins of several pyramid structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did researchers identify the remnants of ancient structures in Ocomtún?

    <p>Lidar images showing significant cultural structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what time frame did the Maya people inhabit the area of Ocomtún?

    <p>600 CE to 800 CE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significance does the Zócalo have in relation to the Aztec Sun Stone?

    <p>It is where the stone was buried after the conquest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the identification of the site as Ocomtún?

    <p>The discovery of stone columns in ruins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the Aztec ruler Moctezuma II's reign occur, according to the central disc of the Sun Stone?

    <p>1502 to 1520</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely reason for the collapse of the city of Ocomtún?

    <p>The Classic Maya collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique feature is Ocumtún primarily named after?

    <p>Cylindrical columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which American submarine was responsible for sinking the Montevideo Maru?

    <p>USS Sturgeon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology was used to discover the wreck of the Montevideo Maru?

    <p>Lidar technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long did it take for the Montevideo Maru to sink after being struck?

    <p>11 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant maritime disaster is associated with the sinking of the Montevideo Maru?

    <p>The worst maritime disaster in Australia's history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prominent historical figure called for a search for the Montevideo Maru in January 2010?

    <p>Stuart Robert</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary function of the Montevideo Maru during World War II?

    <p>Military transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many people were estimated to have drowned when the Montevideo Maru sank?

    <p>1,054</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotional response did Australians express as the Montevideo Maru sank?

    <p>Singing 'Auld Lang Syne'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the depth at which the wreck of the Montevideo Maru was discovered?

    <p>4,000 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Lidar images in the discovery of Ocomtún?

    <p>They revealed significant human cultural structures hidden in the landscape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which modern interpretation has been suggested regarding the carving timeline of the Aztec Sun Stone?

    <p>It was thought to be carved during Moctezuma II's reign.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a plausible reason for the uncertain purpose of the Aztec Sun Stone?

    <p>There are no definitive historical records explaining its use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be inferred about the city of Ocomtún based on its ruins found in 2023?

    <p>It underwent flourishing growth from 600 CE until its collapse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the name 'Ocomtún' mean and how does it relate to its archaeological significance?

    <p>It reflects the presence of column-like structures found in the site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do references to 'the earth monster, Tlaltecuhtli' suggest about the beliefs surrounding the Aztec Sun Stone?

    <p>It indicates a cultural integration of various deities into one figure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major event in the 19th century is associated with the Aztec Sun Stone?

    <p>It was mounted on an exterior wall of the Mexico City Cathedral.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What possible factor contributed to the collapse of the city of Ocomtún around 1000 CE?

    <p>Environmental changes leading to resource depletion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was unique about the rediscovery of the Aztec Sun Stone in 1790?

    <p>It was discovered during the renovation of a prominent building.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the weight of the Aztec Sun Stone significant in discussions of its construction?

    <p>It indicates the technical advancements of the Mexica civilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Aztec Sun Stone

    • Massive Mexica sculpture (Piedra del Sol) in Mexico City's National Anthropology Museum.
    • Dimensions: 3.6 meters diameter, 98 centimeters thick, 24,590 kg.
    • Rediscovered in 1790 during Mexico City Cathedral repairs, initially displayed on the cathedral's exterior wall.
    • Carved between 1502 and 1521, during Moctezuma II's reign (indicated by his name glyph).
    • Central image debated: possibly solar deity Tonatiuh, earth monster Tlaltecuhtli, or hybrid deity Yohualtecuhtli.
    • Authorship and precise purpose remain unclear.

    Ocomtún

    • Ancient Maya city in Campeche, Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula, discovered in 2023.
    • Late Classic period (600-800 CE), abandoned around 1000 CE, coinciding with Maya collapse.
    • Pyramid structures approximately 15 meters high.
    • Discovered by archaeologist Ivan Šprajc using Lidar imagery.
    • Named after Mayan word for "stone column," reflecting city's many cylindrical columns.
    • Located in Balamkú Ecological Conservation Zone, a previously unexplored, heavily vegetated area.

    Montevideo Maru

    • Japanese merchant ship, used as military transport during WWII.
    • Sunk by USS Sturgeon on July 1, 1942, resulting in over 1054 deaths, primarily Australian POWs and civilians.
    • Australia's worst maritime disaster.
    • Wreck discovered in April 2023 in the South China Sea, at a depth exceeding 4000 meters, using Fugro technology.
    • Memorial located at the Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial in Ballarat, Victoria.

    Aztec Sun Stone

    • The Aztec Sun Stone (Piedra del Sol), a famous Mexica sculpture, is housed in Mexico City's National Anthropology Museum.
    • It's a massive monolith: 3.6 meters in diameter, 98 centimeters thick, and weighing 24,590 kg.
    • Rediscovered in 1790 during repairs to the Mexico City Cathedral, it was initially displayed on the cathedral's exterior wall.
    • While initially believed to be from the 1470s, current research suggests it was carved between 1502 and 1521, during Moctezuma II's reign (indicated by his name glyph).
    • The central image is debated: possibly the sun deity Tonatiuh, the earth monster Tlaltecuhtli, or the hybrid deity Yohualtecuhtli.
    • Its creation purpose remains unclear, though it reflects the Mexica's final period of power.

    Ocomtún

    • Ocomtún, a Late Classic Maya city in Campeche, Mexico, was recently discovered by archaeologist Ivan Šprajc.
    • The discovery, announced in June 2023, includes several pyramid structures approximately 15 meters high.
    • Pottery fragments indicate occupation between 600 CE and 800 CE, with the city's decline around 1000 CE, correlating with the Classic Maya collapse.
    • Named after the Mayan word for stone column, referring to the many cylindrical columns found at the site.
    • Lidar technology was crucial in locating the city, hidden within dense jungle in the Balamkú Ecological Conservation Zone.

    Montevideo Maru

    • The Montevideo Maru, a Japanese merchant ship, served as a military transport during World War II.
    • Sunk by the USS Sturgeon on July 1, 1942, resulting in the deaths of 1,054 people, mostly Australian POWs and civilians – Australia's worst maritime disaster.
    • The sinking occurred after the Sturgeon fired torpedoes, unaware of the prisoners onboard.
    • Its wreck was discovered in April 2023, at a depth of over 4,000 meters in the South China Sea, using Fugro's technology.
    • The discovery brought comfort to families who had long sought answers about the ship and its lost passengers. A memorial exists in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia.

    Aztec Sun Stone

    • The Aztec Sun Stone (Piedra del Sol), a late Postclassic Mexica sculpture, is housed in Mexico City's National Anthropology Museum.
    • It's 3.6 meters in diameter, 0.98 meters thick, and weighs 24,590 kg.
    • Rediscovered in 1790 during Mexico City Cathedral repairs, it was initially displayed on the cathedral's exterior wall until 1885.
    • Modern research dates its carving between 1502 and 1521 (initial estimates were the 1470s), with Moctezuma II's name glyph in the center.
    • The central image is debated; it's often considered the solar deity Tonatiuh but could also depict Tlaltecuhtli (earth monster) or Yohualtecuhtli ("Lord of the Night").
    • Its creation purpose and creator remain unclear, though some suggest it's linked to the Mexica's final period of eminence.

    Ocomtún

    • Ocomtún, a Late Classic Mayan city in Campeche, Mexico, was discovered in June 2023 by archaeologist Ivan Šprajc.
    • Lidar imagery revealed the city's pyramid structures (approx. 15 meters high).
    • Archaeological analysis of pottery dates its inhabitation between 600 CE and 800 CE, with its decline around 1000 CE aligning with the Classic Maya collapse.
    • The name "Ocomtún" derives from the Mayan word for "stone column," reflecting the site's many cylindrical columns.
    • Located in the Balamkú Ecological Conservation Zone, its remote, jungle-covered location hindered previous exploration.

    Montevideo Maru

    • The Montevideo Maru, a Japanese merchant ship, served as a military transport during WWII.
    • It was sunk by the USS Sturgeon on July 1, 1942, resulting in the deaths of at least 1,054 people––mostly Australian prisoners of war and civilians.
    • This sinking remains Australia's worst maritime disaster.
    • The wreck was discovered in April 2023 at over 4,000 meters in the South China Sea, off the Philippines. Fugro's technology aided in its discovery.
    • A memorial stands at the Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial in Ballarat, Victoria.

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    Test your knowledge on the Aztec Sun Stone and the newly discovered Maya city Ocomtún. This quiz covers important historical details, dimensions, and the significance of these ancient monuments. Explore their mysteries and learn about their cultural impact in Mesoamerica.

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