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Questions and Answers
Who postulated the idea of Parmanu as the smallest particles of matter?
Who elaborated the doctrine of Parmanu and said that these particles normally exist in a combined form which gives us various forms of matter?
During which era did ancient Indian philosophers postulate the idea of Parmanu?
Which philosopher suggested that there will be a stage when particles obtained cannot be divided further?
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Which philosopher suggested the idea of indivisible particles and named them atoms?
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By the end of which century did scientists recognize the difference between elements and compounds?
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What did Lavoisier establish in the field of chemical sciences?
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What is the Law of Conservation of Mass concerned with?
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According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, what is the mass change during a chemical reaction?
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What did Lavoisier and Joseph L. Proust establish about the elements present in compounds?
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What is another name for the Law of Constant Proportions?
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Who provided the basic theory about the nature of matter related to the laws established?
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What term did John Dalton pick up to describe the basic unit of matter?
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In a compound such as water, what is the ratio of the mass of hydrogen to the mass of oxygen?
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What did Proust state about the presence of elements in a chemical substance?
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What did Lavoisier note about many compounds and their composition?
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Study Notes
Ancient Indian Philosophers and the Concept of Parmanu
- Ancient Indian philosophers postulated the idea of Parmanu, the smallest particles of matter, during the ancient era.
- The doctrine of Parmanu was elaborated, stating that these particles normally exist in a combined form, giving us various forms of matter.
Ancient Greek Philosophers
- The philosopher Kanada suggested that there will be a stage when particles obtained cannot be divided further.
- The philosopher Democritus suggested the idea of indivisible particles and named them atoms.
Development of Modern Chemistry
- By the end of the 18th century, scientists recognized the difference between elements and compounds.
- Lavoisier established the concept of elements as substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
- Lavoisier established the Law of Conservation of Mass, which is concerned with the total mass remaining constant during a chemical reaction, with no mass change.
Laws of Chemical Composition
- Lavoisier and Joseph L. Proust established that elements are always present in the same proportion by mass in a given compound.
- The Law of Constant Proportions states that a chemical compound always contains the same proportion of elements by mass.
- John Dalton provided the basic theory about the nature of matter related to the laws established.
- Dalton used the term "atom" to describe the basic unit of matter.
Chemical Compounds
- In a compound like water, the ratio of the mass of hydrogen to the mass of oxygen is always constant.
- Proust stated that a chemical substance always contains the same proportion of elements by mass.
- Lavoisier noted that many compounds have a constant composition, with elements always present in the same proportion by mass.
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Description
Explore the ancient Indian philosopher Maharishi Kanad's concept of the smallest particles of matter and the idea of divisibility of matter as postulated around 500 BC. Discover the historical perspectives on the unseen form of matter from the chapter on ATOMS.
