Ancient India

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Questions and Answers

Because of its large size and its position in relation to large masses of land and water, India is called a ______.

subcontinent

The location of the Himalaya Mountains has benefited India by providing ______ from enemies.

protection

The Indus and Ganges rivers are similar to the Nile River in Egypt because they carry ______ that enriches the soil.

silt

Harappan civilization, which included ancient Mohenjodaro, developed in the ______ River valley.

<p>Indus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Modern scholars learned that Mohenjodaro had existed because archaeologists found its ______.

<p>ruins</p> Signup and view all the answers

The discovery of a scale, stone weights, and a marked rod suggests that the people of Mohenjodaro had uniform ways to ______.

<p>measure</p> Signup and view all the answers

A sewer ______ was a feature of Mohenjodaro that was quite different from other settlements of that time.

<p>system</p> Signup and view all the answers

The best reason for someone in India to study Sanskrit is to read the ancient ______.

<p>texts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Untouchables were excluded from other Indians because they did work others considered ______.

<p>lowly</p> Signup and view all the answers

The name “Buddha” meant one who was ______.

<p>awakened</p> Signup and view all the answers

Buddhism taught people to move toward the goal of reaching ______.

<p>enlightenment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aging, sickness, and ______ troubled the Buddha on his first few trips out into the world.

<p>death</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Buddha decided to follow a 'middle way' because neither riches nor being an ascetic led to ______.

<p>nirvana</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chandragupta Maurya began building his empire by conquering neighboring ______.

<p>kingdoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ashoka expanded the Mauryan Empire until he gave up ______.

<p>violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Treating all of his servants well best expressed Ashoka’s Buddhist ______.

<p>values</p> Signup and view all the answers

Well-built ______ of the Gupta Empire most encouraged long-distance trade.

<p>roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals in the Gupta Empire learned to question patients, make cures from bark and roots, and stitch up wounds by studying ______ at a university.

<p>medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

The images of Gupta kings on coins show that the empire had people who were skilled in working with ______.

<p>metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fine ______ found by an archaeologist would be evidence of a golden age.

<p>sculptures</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complex buildings were constructed by people who were skilled ______.

<p>mathematicians</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stone, wood, bronze, and terra-cotta clay were important to the creation of ______ in the Gupta Empire.

<p>sculptures</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wells were constructed along trade routes so travelers could cook and ______.

<p>drink</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] came to modern arithmetic from ancient India by way of the Arabs.

<p>zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

Puranas, Mahabharata, and Bhagavad Gita are works of Sanskrit ______.

<p>literature</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Why is India called a subcontinent?

India is referred to as a subcontinent due to its large size and position relative to land and water masses.

Benefits of the Himalaya Mountains

The Himalayan Mountains provide India with a consistent water supply and protection from enemies.

River Similarities

The Indus and Ganges rivers, like the Nile, carry silt that enriches the soil for agriculture.

Location of Harappan Civilization

Harappan civilization, including Mohenjodaro, thrived in the Indus River valley.

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Discovery of Mohenjodaro

Modern scholars discovered Mohenjodaro through archaeological excavations of its ruins.

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Evidence of measurement standards

The presence of scales, weights, and marked rods suggests standardized measurement practices in Mohenjodaro.

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Unique feature of Mohenjodaro

Mohenjodaro's sewer system distinguished it from other settlements of its time.

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Why study Sanskrit?

Sanskrit is studied to read ancient texts.

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Why were Untouchables excluded?

Untouchables were excluded due to the 'lowly' work they performed.

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Meaning of 'Buddha'

Buddha means 'awakened'.

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Goal of Buddhism

Buddhism teaches people to move toward reaching enlightenment.

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Buddha's early concerns

The Buddha was troubled by aging, sickness, and death during his first trips out.

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Buddha's 'Middle Way'

The 'middle way' avoids both extreme riches and asceticism to reach nirvana.

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How Maurya Empire Started

Chandragupta Maurya began building his empire by conquering neighboring kingdoms.

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Turning point for Ashoka

Ashoka expanded the Mauryan Empire until he gave up violence.

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Ashoka's expression of Buddhist Values

Ashoka expressed Buddhist values by treating all of his servants well.

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Trade in the Gupta Empire

Well-built roads encouraged long-distance trade in the Gupta Empire.

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Medical training in Gupta Empire

Skills such as questioning patients, making cures, and stitching wounds were learned by studying medicine at a university.

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Evidence from Gupta coins

Gupta kings' images on coins show skilled metalwork in the empire.

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Evidence of a golden age.

Fine sculptures

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Builders are mathematicians

Complex buildings required skilled mathematicians.

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Gupta sculpture materials

Stone, wood, bronze, and terra-cotta clay were used for sculptures.

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Purpose of Wells

Wells were built along trade routes so travelers could drink and cook.

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Origin of Zero

The concept of zero came from ancient India through the Arabs.

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Examples of Sanskrit Literature

Puranas, Mahabharata, and Bhagavad Gita are examples of Sanskrit literature.

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Study Notes

  • India is called a subcontinent due to its large size and position relative to large land and water masses.
  • The location of the Himalaya Mountains benefits India by providing protection from enemies and a consistent water supply.
  • The Indus and Ganges rivers are similar to the Nile River in Egypt because they carry silt that enriches the soil.
  • The Harappan civilization, including ancient Mohenjodaro, developed in the Indus River valley.
  • Modern scholars learned about the existence of Mohenjodaro through the discovery of its ruins by archaeologists.
  • The discovery of a scale, stone weights, and a marked rod suggests that the people of Mohenjodaro had uniform ways to measure.
  • A sewer system was a feature of Mohenjodaro that was quite different from other settlements of that time.
  • Sanskrit is studied in India to read the ancient texts.
  • Untouchables were excluded from other Indians because they did work others considered lowly.
  • The name "Buddha" means one who was awakened.
  • Buddhism taught people to move toward reaching enlightenment.
  • Aging, sickness, and death troubled the Buddha on his first few trips into the world.
  • The Buddha decided to follow a "middle way" because neither riches nor being an ascetic led to nirvana.
  • Chandragupta Maurya began building his empire by conquering neighboring kingdoms.
  • Ashoka expanded the Mauryan Empire until he gave up violence.
  • Treating all of his servants well best expressed Ashoka’s Buddhist values.
  • Well-built roads of the Gupta Empire most encouraged long-distance trade.
  • Individuals in the Gupta Empire learned skills like questioning patients and making cures by studying medicine at a university.
  • The images of Gupta kings on coins show that the empire had people who were skilled in working with metal.
  • Fine sculptures found by an archaeologist would be evidence of a golden age.
  • Mathematicians made it possible to construct complex buildings.
  • Stone, wood, bronze, and terra-cotta clay were used to make sculptures in the Gupta Empire.
  • Wells were constructed along trade routes so travelers could cook and drink.
  • The concept of zero in modern arithmetic came from ancient India by way of the Arabs.
  • Puranas, Mahabharata, and Bhagavad Gita are examples of Sanskrit literature.
  • The first Gupta ruler formed alliances with other rulers by arranging marriages.
  • The raised, walled section of Mohenjodaro suggests that the city had enemies who might attack the residents.
  • The division of the lower city into blocks by nine streets shows that Mohenjodaro was carefully planned.
  • Invaders, floods, and earthquakes are theories for why the civilization that included Mohenjodaro disappeared.
  • Hinduism first developed in the Indus River valley.
  • During the summer in India, the monsoon brings heavy rain.
  • According to the Vedas, the varnas are four main social classes that lead to a functioning society.
  • A war game played in ancient India is thought to be an early form of chess.
  • To certain Hindus, the soul, or atman, is a part of Brahman.
  • Much of the water in the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra rivers comes from melting ice in the mountains.
  • The Buddha had not learned about suffering as a child because his father protected him.
  • The earliest known settlements in India were beside the rivers.
  • The Buddha discovered basic truths for living under the Bodhi tree.
  • The main achievement of the Maurya family was to unify India.
  • Its first ruler was Chandragupta Maurya, according to timeline of the Mauryan Empire.
  • Seeing a very bloody battle led to a deep change in Ashoka’s values.
  • Ashoka spread Buddhist teachings by having edicts carved into pillars and walls.
  • The Vedas, which are a collection of sacred texts, are where you can find the roots of Hinduism.
  • The plains along the Ganges has the most fertile farmland
  • Hindus need to acquire good karma to achieve freedom from the cycle of rebirth.
  • The cow became a symbol for the Hindu belief in reverence for life.
  • Samsara, the Hindu view of birth, life, and death is represented by an image.
  • Hinduism and Buddhism both had many lifetimes as a common belief.
  • Siddhartha Gautama was the prince who became the Buddha.
  • If you decided to live as an ascetic, you would have to give up most of what you own.

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