Harappan Civilization: Mohenjodaro Urban Centre
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Harappan Civilization: Mohenjodaro Urban Centre

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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate time period of the Lower Palaeolithic period?

  • 80,000 BP
  • 2 million BP (correct)
  • 35,000 BP
  • 12,000 BP
  • What is the material used to make the cart shown in Fig. 1.29?

  • Terracotta (correct)
  • Jasper
  • Chalcedony
  • Lapis lazuli
  • What is the time period of the Early Historic period?

  • 400 CE - 1000 CE
  • 1000 BCE - 600 BCE
  • 2600 BCE - 1000 BCE
  • 600 BCE - 400 CE (correct)
  • What is the possible use of the small cones made of lapis lazuli, jasper, and chalcedony?

    <p>As lingas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the excavator who wrote about the small cones made of lapis lazuli, jasper, and chalcedony?

    <p>Mackay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period when the first use of copper began?

    <p>Chalcolithic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time period of the Harappan civilisation?

    <p>2600 BCE - 1000 BCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the material of the stones that Mackay wrote about?

    <p>Lapis lazuli, jasper, and chalcedony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period when the early agriculturists and pastoralists emerged?

    <p>Neolithic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the publication year of Mackay's book, 'Early Indus Civilisation'?

    <p>1948</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mohenjodaro: A Planned Urban Centre

    • The Harappan civilization developed planned urban centers, with Mohenjodaro being one of the most well-known sites.
    • The settlement is divided into two sections: the Citadel (smaller but higher) and the Lower Town (larger but lower).
    • The Citadel was constructed on mud brick platforms, walled, and physically separated from the Lower Town.
    • The Lower Town was also walled, with buildings constructed on platforms serving as foundations.
    • Drainage systems were found in both larger and smaller settlements, including Lothal.

    The Citadel

    • The Citadel contains structures that were likely used for special public purposes, such as a warehouse and the Great Bath.

    Identifying Social Differences

    • Archaeologists study artefacts to identify social differences, classifying them as utilitarian (daily use) or luxuries (rare, made from costly materials, or with complicated technologies).
    • Luxuries, such as faience pots, were difficult to make and considered precious.
    • Distribution of artefacts shows that rare objects made of valuable materials are concentrated in large settlements like Mohenjodaro and Harappa, and rarely found in smaller settlements.

    Hoards and Artefacts

    • Hoards are objects kept carefully by people, often inside containers, such as jewellery or metal objects saved for reuse.
    • Artefacts found in layers can be assigned to specific cultural periods, providing the cultural sequence for a site.

    Excavation Techniques

    • Early archaeologists, like Wheeler, recognized the importance of following the stratigraphy of the mound rather than digging mechanically along uniform horizontal lines.
    • Wheeler introduced a military precision to the practice of archaeology, ensuring that valuable information about the context of finds was not lost.

    Harappan Civilization and National Boundaries

    • The frontiers of the Harappan civilization have little or no connection with present-day national boundaries.
    • With the partition of the subcontinent, the major known sites became part of Pakistan.

    Reconstructing the Harappan Economy

    • Archaeological evidence has reconstructed aspects of the Harappan economy, including the use of querns, pottery, and other artefacts.
    • The economy was likely based on agriculture, with evidence of trade and commerce.

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    Description

    Explore the unique feature of the Harappan civilization, the development of urban centers, specifically Mohenjodaro. Discover the well-known features of this ancient city.

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