Ancient Iberian Civilizations
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Questions and Answers

Who led the Lusitanians in their revolt against the Romans?

  • Hannibal
  • Viriato (correct)
  • Don Pelayo
  • Tautalos
  • What was the name of the Roman emperor who gained full control of Northern Spain?

  • Constantine
  • Fernando I
  • Charlemagne
  • Augustus (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT a famous Spanish philosopher mentioned in the text?

  • Séneca
  • Trajano (correct)
  • Lucio Junio Moderato
  • Marco Valerio Marcial
  • What was the name of the city that became the Visigoth capital in 484?

    <p>Toledo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the Arab domination of Spain?

    <p>The Visigoths' internal conflicts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name given to Islamic Spain by the Arabs?

    <p>Al-Andalus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event marked the beginning of La Reconquista?

    <p>The Battle of Covadonga (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the buffer zone set up by Charlemagne to contain the advance of the Moors?

    <p>Spanish March (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following were Germanic tribes that invaded Spain in 409?

    <p>Suevos, Vandals, Alans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the city that became the most enlightened city in the Muslim world under the rule of al-Hakem II?

    <p>Córdoba (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups united to start the Reconquista?

    <p>Christian groups who had fled north (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a famous medieval epic poem about the Spanish character, El Cid?

    <p>El Cantar del Mío Cid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these kings united Castilla and León by inheriting the kingdom of Léon?

    <p>Fernando I (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What battle was a major victory for Don Pelayo?

    <p>The Battle of Covadonga (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What city did Jaime I, the Conqueror, conquer in 1233?

    <p>Palma de Mallorca (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the Carthaginian General who attacked Sagunto, killing its residents?

    <p>Hannibal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reason behind Muslim leader Tariq Gebel's invasion of the Iberian Peninsula?

    <p>To conquer the region for the Islamic empire. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Roman's capture of Hannibal's brother-in-law?

    <p>It led to a significant decline in Hannibal's army morale. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of Ibn-Abi Amir's reign as regent for Hisham II during the Moorish domination?

    <p>He united the Muslims in Spain and declared war on the remaining Christian regions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the residents of Numancia resist the Roman occupation?

    <p>They chose self-immolation rather than surrender to the Romans. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the average lifespan of Europeans in the 13th and 14th centuries?

    <p>25 years or less (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the name "Gibraltar"?

    <p>The mountain of Tariq (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the depiction of a goddess of funerals in the urn described in the passage?

    <p>It shows the fusion of Greek and Iberian cultural and religious elements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of text was primarily copied by monks during the medieval period?

    <p>Religious texts, such as the Bible (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Hannibal's army

    A 60,000-man army that crossed the Pyrenees to invade Rome.

    Siege of Numancia

    A major battle where 4,000 citizens resisted a Roman army of 60,000.

    El Peñon de Gibraltar

    Named after Tariq Gebel, a Moorish leader who invaded with Berber troops.

    Hisham II

    He became a ruler at age 12, during Moorish domination of Spain.

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    Al Mansur

    Advisor Ibn-Abi Amir, who gained power during Hisham II's reign.

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    Jihad in Spain

    A holy war declared against Christians by united Muslims during Moorish rule.

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    Monastic book copying

    Monks devoted lives to copying religious texts, often gilded.

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    Life expectancy in the 13th century

    Most Europeans lived only to age 25 due to harsh conditions.

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    Prehistoric Man

    Early humans predominantly engaged in hunting, with no agriculture.

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    Caves of Altamira

    Famous caves in Spain known for prehistoric paintings of animals.

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    Iberians

    Ancient group with Mediterranean roots, known for megalithic structures.

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    Celt-Iberian Race

    Mix of Celts and Iberians that settled in Spain.

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    Phoenicians

    Traders from the east known for founding Cádiz and skilled metalwork.

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    Roman Invasion

    Roman conquest for Spain’s wealth, met with resistance from locals.

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    Viriato

    Leader of Lusitanians who resisted Roman conquest in Spain.

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    Christianity's Arrival

    Introduced in the first century AD, replacing pagan beliefs.

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    Visigoths

    Germanic tribe that conquered northern Spain and established Toledo as capital.

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    Al-Andalus

    Islamic Spain under Arab control, flourishing culture.

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    La Reconquista

    Eight-century effort by Christians to reclaim Spain from Moors.

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    El Cantar de Mio Cid

    Epic poem regarding the exploits of the Cid, a Spanish hero.

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    Jaime I

    King known as 'the Conqueror' for reclaiming territories from Arabs.

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    Tartessos

    Legendary city described as wealthy, thought to connect with the Tarshish in the Bible.

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    La Dama de Elche

    Famous Iberian sculpture, now only partially survived.

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    Study Notes

    Early Inhabitants

    • Prehistoric humans were hunters (agriculture unknown)
    • Altamira Caves in Santander, Spain, featured early animal paintings

    Iberians

    • Originated in the Mediterranean and southern Atlantic regions of Spain
    • Lived primarily along the eastern coast
    • Megalithic stone structures and sculptures are notable examples

    Basques

    • Uncertain origins, with an unknown language.
    • Theorised to be descendants of Pyrenean shepherds

    Tartessians

    • Originated in the Mediterranean
    • Lived south of Spain, with a capital city (Tartessos) that has not been confirmed or located.

    Celts

    • Originated in central Europe.
    • Migrated to the northwestern part of Spain.
    • Formed the Celt-Iberian race in Spain
    • Introduced the concept of a matriarchal society.

    Phoenicians

    • Traded extensively to Spain for resources (like silver).
    • Founded Gadir (Cádiz) a strategically important city.
    • Were skilled traders and metalworkers.
    • Established colonies, including Carthage.
    • Carthaginian wars resulted in conflict with Rome for control of Spain.

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    Description

    Explore the rich history of early inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula, including the Prehistoric humans, Iberians, Basques, Tartessians, Celts, and Phoenicians. This quiz covers their origins, civilizations, and contributions to the region. Test your knowledge of these ancient cultures and their impacts on history.

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