Ancient Greek Philosophers and Historical Figures

Philosophers and Thinkers

• Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher, student of Socrates, teacher of Aristotle, and founder of the Academy.
• Socrates is credited as the founder of Western philosophy and among the first moral philosophers of ethics.
• Aristotle was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath, covering a broad range of subjects in his writings.
• Protagoras, a prominent Sophist, asserted that "Man is the measure of all things," emphasizing subjectivity and individual perspective.

Greek Gods and Mythology

• Hermes was associated with communication, commerce, and travel in Greek religion.
• Apollo was associated with the sun, music, poetry, prophecy, and healing.
• Hera was associated with marriage, family, and childbirth.
• Zeus was the ruler of Mount Olympus and considered the god of the sky.

Greek History and Politics

• The concept of democracy, developed in ancient Greece, inspired later democratic movements by allowing citizens to participate in decision-making.
• The Delian League was formed to counter Persian threats and became a tool for Athenian dominance.
• Oligarchy means “the rule of the few,” while democracy means “the rule of the many.”
• Helot is a captive person who was forced to work for the conqueror.
• An ephor is one of the five men elected each year in Sparta who was responsible for the education of youth and the conduct of all citizens.

Culture and Architecture

• The Parthenon's architecture and sculptures were laden with political and cultural symbolism, reflecting the ideals of democracy in Athens.
• The Oracle at Delphi was consulted for a wide range of matters, including political, military, and personal decisions.
• A tragedy is a form of drama that portrays a conflict between the protagonist and a superior force.
• Philosophy is an organized system of thought.

Wars and Battles

• The Battle of Aegospotami marked the beginning of the end of the Great Peloponnesian War, with a decisive Spartan victory.
• The Great Peloponnesian War had a significant impact on Athenian thought and literature, influencing works of philosophers like Plato and Xenophon.
• The Sicilian Expedition revealed the dangers of overreach, showcasing the limitations of Athens' naval supremacy.
• Themistocles' foresight in building a powerful navy shifted the balance of power in the Aegean during the Persian Wars.

City-States and Infrastructure

• Sparta was renowned for its focus on military training and discipline, shaping the city-state's societal values.
• Athens is known as the birthplace of democracy and placed a high value on arts and culture.
• Pericles, a prominent Athenian statesman, oversaw significant infrastructure projects during the Age of Pericles, including the Long Walls and the reconstruction of Athens.