12 Questions
Who led the revolt against Darius the Great in 499 BC?
Aristagoras
In which year did the Persians suffer heavy losses at the Battle of Salamis?
480 BC
What event marked the defeat of the Persian land army in 479 BC?
Battle of Plataea
Which city-state was prominent during the period of Persian invasion threat?
Athens
What was the outcome of the Persian invasion at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC?
The Persians were defeated by the Greeks
Who led the Greeks in blocking the Persians at Thermopylae in 480 BC?
Leonidas
What marked the end of the Persian attempt to conquer Greece in 479 BC?
The Battle of Plataea
Which city-state provided support to the revolt against Darius in 499 BC?
Sparta
What was the outcome of Athens' attempt to conquer Syracuse?
Athens suffered a significant loss of hoplites and 2/3 of their Navy.
What led to the mass evacuation of surrounding countryside inhabitants in Athens?
A plague outbreak
Why did Sparta cease campaigns near Athens during the war?
As a result of the plague outbreak in Athens
What action did Athens take to counter Sparta's strategy during the war?
Building fortified outposts along the Peloponnesian coasts
Study Notes
- Ancient Greeks faced a Persian invasion threat around 500 BC
- City-states of Athens and Sparta were prominent during this period
- Greeks in Asia Minor were conquered by Lydian Empire, becoming satrapies of Persian Empire
- Mainland Greece saw overthrow of tyrants and formation of democracies
- Darius the Great continued Persian conquests, reached Europe and conquered Macedonia
- Miletus, led by Aristagoras, started a revolt against Darius in 499 BC, spread to other cities and received support from Athens and Eritrea
- Persians responded with a new fleet and defeated Greeks at Ladder in 494 BC, but rebellion was quelled the next year
- Darius planned a campaign into Greece in 492 BC, defeated at Battle of Marathon in 490 BC
- Xerxes the first, son of Darius, led a new invasion in 480 BC with a large army and navy
- Greeks led by Leonidas and Themistocles blocked the Persians at Thermopylae and the Straits of Artemisium respectively
- Persians suffered heavy losses at Battle of Salamis in 480 BC and retreated to Asia
- Greeks successful in defeating Persian Navy and occupying Athens, but land army was defeated at Battle of Plataea in 479 BC
- Persians did not attempt to conquer Greece again until 150 years later when Alexander the Great conquered Persian Empire.
Test your knowledge of the conflicts between Ancient Greeks and the Persian Empire, including key events, battles, and prominent figures from around 500 BC.
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