Ancient Greece Study Guide

Alexander angled his wings inward and attacked the center of the Persian army, overwhelming them.

It symbolized his desire to expand his empire to the furthest reaches of the known world.

They were exhausted from years of relentless campaigning and yearned to return home.

<p>He believed that politics was a consequence of cultural influence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He enforced a common currency, required the use of Greek language, and standardized administrative services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that Alexander's legacy in Iran is primarily focused on his military victories and his role as a conqueror.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He adopted local customs, sought to be seen as a powerful leader, and emphasized his accomplishments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His ambitions, conquests, and methods of cultural integration continue to influence leaders and societies in various ways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The societal structures that allowed for the functioning of civilization, referred to as Archaic anxiety, collapsed due to a loss of moral compass and societal rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It highlights the complex dynamics of power and restraint between warring states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He was a participant in the events he describes, making it primary, and he also analyzes and interprets them, making it secondary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He developed and utilized a powerful army that included a formidable phalanx and shock cavalry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They used 18-foot pikes called sarissa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shock cavalry was cavalry used exclusively for offense, attacking from the flanks and disrupting enemy formations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were the shock cavalry, used for offensive attacks from the flanks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aristotle is considered the greatest teacher of all time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Battle at Thermopylae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provided funds to defend against potential Persian attacks and helped establish Athens as a cultural center.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Public identity first emerged in the agora, where people behave differently in public than in private.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Assembly was a direct democratic body where every citizen could vote on laws and administer justice, meeting 40 times a year.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pericles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rebuilding the Acropolis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only men who learned Athenian poetry, history, values, and inherited those values could be citizens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Athenians sneak attacked the Persians, defeating them with significantly fewer casualties: 192 Athenians died compared to thousands of Persians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fostered a sense of superiority, leading them to view themselves as the most powerful city-state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Historians claim it was the first time people fought for something they believed in, rather than being forced to do so.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Acro' means high.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They fled the city and set up a navy, ultimately defeating the Persians at Salamis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Xerxes I led an army of 300,000 to attack the Greek world, following a ten-year pause after the First War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Athenian citizenship was limited to men who met specific cultural criteria, unlike modern democracies which are more inclusive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It flourished under his leadership during the Age of Pericles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a form of direct democracy because citizens had the right to vote directly on laws rather than through representatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Battle of Thermopylae showcased the valor of the Greek forces, particularly the Spartans led by Leonidas I, who fought courageously against a numerically superior Persian army.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Delian League was a coalition of Greek city-states led by Athens that was formed to protect against Persian threats and promote mutual defense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alexander the Great was a king of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires of the ancient world, spreading Greek culture and influence across the regions he conquered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Athenian Democracy was characterized by direct participation of citizens in decision-making processes rather than relying on elected representatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phalanx was a military formation used by Greek hoplites where soldiers stood shoulder to shoulder in rows, providing a strong defensive shield and spear wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The plague devastated Athens, leading to significant loss of life, weakening morale, and impacting the city's ability to sustain its war efforts against Sparta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pericles was a prominent Athenian statesman who significantly advanced democracy and cultural development in Athens during its Golden Age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Battle of Granicus resulted in a decisive victory for Alexander the Great, securing his foothold in Asia Minor and boosting his military reputation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ancient Greece's rugged terrain fostered the development of city-states, which promoted regional autonomy and hindered unification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a continuation in artistic styles, religious practices, and trade networks that influenced the development of Classical Greek culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Dark Ages led to a reflection on the importance of governance, culture, and communal identity, shaping political and social ideologies in subsequent periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greek gods and heroes embody the values, beliefs, and cultural identity that influenced historical events and societal norms in Ancient Greece.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The wars united various city-states against a common enemy, emphasizing shared language, religion, and cultural practices among the Greek people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High Classical Athens promoted democracy, intellectual pursuit, artistic expression, and civic involvement as foundational principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three great battles are the Battle of Granicus, the Battle of Issus, and the Battle of Gaugamela, showcasing his strategic brilliance, boldness, and ability to inspire his troops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It implies that cultural values and norms shape political structures and behavior, with politics being a reflection of the underlying cultural identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cultural and structural influences persisted from ancient civilizations to later Greek history.

Difficult terrain and numerous islands shaped Greek civilization.

Dark Ages influenced later Greek political and social ideologies.

Studying Greek mythology helps comprehend Greek values and societal structures.

Conflicts that highlighted shared Greek identity and cultural values.

Athenian ideals focused on democracy, art, and philosophy.

Father of Alexander the Great, unified Greece under Macedonian rule.

A period marked by cultural diffusion and the spread of Greek influence post-Alexander.

A peninsula in Southeast Europe, home to many countries including Greece.

A prominent city-state in ancient Greece known for its military prowess.

An alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens, formed for mutual defense against Persia.

A system of direct democracy practiced in ancient Athens, where citizens participated in decision-making.

A prominent statesman during Athens' Golden Age, associated with democracy and the arts.

A series of conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire in the 5th century BCE.

An ancient Greek civilization known for its palatial states and linear B script, preceding classical Greece.

A king of Macedonia who conquered much of the known world and spread Greek culture.

Loss of societal structures leading to self-interest in Athens.

Power of the people in Athenian democracy.

Historian who documented the Peloponnesian War events.

Famous speech celebrating Athenian culture by Pericles.

A tightly packed formation of hoplite soldiers in battle.

An 18-foot pike used by Philip II's army.

Philip II's shock cavalry used for offense.

Alexander the Great's education under the famous philosopher.

The way individuals behave in public settings compared to private ones.

Men must learn Athenian culture and values to become citizens.

The initial conflict in 490 BC when Greek colonies fought for independence.

A pivotal battle in the First Persian War where Athenians defeated the Persians.

A follow-up attack in 480 BC led by Xerxes I against the Greeks.

Concept of fighting for shared values, not just orders.

A mountain pass where 7,000 Spartans held off Persians for a week.

Naval battle where Athenians defeated the Persians after fleeing their city.

The sacrifice of soldiers for Greek culture and values at Thermopylae.

Era marked by Athenian confidence and cultural dominance around 450 BC.

Art form that flourished during the Age of Pericles, noted for its beauty.

The highest point in Greek cities, central to cultural and political life.

The decisive battle in 331 BC where Alexander's forces faced the Persian army, despite being outnumbered.

Alex's tactic at Gaugamela involved angling his wings inward and attacking the center of the enemy.

Alexander captured key cities in the Persian Empire, showcasing his military prowess.

A city founded by Alexander in 329 BC, meaning 'the furthest', marking his territorial ambition.

Alexander encouraged mixing Greek and local cultures, adopting customs from conquered peoples.

He enforced the use of a common currency and the Greek language in his empire.

Alexander was highly aware of how he was perceived and managed his image carefully.

At 32, Alexander's conquests transformed the world; his death left a lasting impact on culture and politics.