Ancient Engineering Achievements

Questions and Answers

What was a key contribution to civil engineering mentioned in the content?

The art of building with shaped stones (correct)

The use of modern technology and equipment

The development of steel structures

The invention of concrete

Which ancient structure is noted for its extensive water management system?

Qanat system (correct)

Machu Picchu

Appian Way

Parthenon

Who built the Great Wall of China, as specified in the content?

Julius Caesar

Iktinos

Sennacherib

General Meng T'ien (correct)

Which of the following structures was built around 300 BC?

Appian Way Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about the engineering of Machu Picchu?

It was constructed in mountainous terrain with innovative water resource engineering Signup and view all the answers

Which civilization is credited with extensive irrigation works alongside the Anuradhapura?

Hohokam Indians Signup and view all the answers

What was a major purpose of the extensive Roman highways?

Facilitating trading and swift movement of legions Signup and view all the answers

Which engineering project was executed in the 19 BC?

Pont du Gard Signup and view all the answers

Who was responsible for the engineering technique used in the construction of the church associated with the stained glass windows?

Gustave Eiffel Signup and view all the answers

What was the original name of Puente de Espatia before it was renamed?

Puente Grande Signup and view all the answers

Which friar is credited with constructing the first water system that laid the foundation for the current MWSS?

Fr. Juan Peguero Signup and view all the answers

In which year was the first artesian well constructed in the Philippines?

1686 Signup and view all the answers

What significant event led to the renaming of Puente Grande?

An earthquake Signup and view all the answers

Who received the honor of holding PRC Registration Number 1 for Civil Engineers?

Kasilag Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did the Philippine Legislature take in 1931 regarding government departments?

Renamed the Department of Public Works and Communications Signup and view all the answers

Which irrigation system is recognized as one of the oldest in the Philippines?

Cavite Friar Land Irrigation System Signup and view all the answers

What condition was set by Act Number 4211 enacted in 1935 for under-aged persons taking the board exam?

They cannot practice until age 21 Signup and view all the answers

Which architectural style is associated with the final design of the bridge that replaced Puente Grande in the 1930s?

Neo-classical Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of both the Philippine Association of Civil Engineers (PACE) and PSCE?

To elevate the standards of the profession Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the Pasig River Light House in the context of Philippine history?

It was the first masonry-built lighthouse in the Philippines. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure was replaced by a modern steel arch bridge during the early 1930s?

Puente Colgante Bridge Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first president of the Philippine Association of Civil Engineers (PACE)?

Engr. Enrique Sto. Tomas Cortes Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about the composition of the DPWC after its reorganization in 1935?

It became involved in radio broadcasting and irrigation Signup and view all the answers

What trend did the formation of PACE cause among PSCE members?

A migration of many PSCE members to PACE Signup and view all the answers

What significant aspects were included in the architecture of Machu Picchu?

Advanced drainage systems Signup and view all the answers

Which Roman architect authored the treatise known as 'De Architectura'?

Vitruvius Signup and view all the answers

How did most architectural design occur throughout ancient and medieval history?

Through artisans such as stonemasons and carpenters Signup and view all the answers

What scientific principle attributed to Archimedes is fundamental to understanding buoyancy?

Archimedes' Principle Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the earliest civil engineering institutions established that contributed to the discipline?

École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées Signup and view all the answers

Which mathematician is noted for using arithmetic for excavation computations in the 7th century AD?

Brahmagupta Signup and view all the answers

When did the civil engineering discipline start to become separate from military engineering?

18th century Signup and view all the answers

What allowed engineers to advance from empirical formulas to more scientific approaches?

Codification and formulation of expert knowledge Signup and view all the answers

Who served as Secretary of Public Works and Communications under both President Manuel Roxas and President Elpidio Quirino?

Ricardo Nepumoceno Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the Motor Vehicles Office placed under the Department of Public Works and Communications?

1947 Signup and view all the answers

What was the original purpose of the Manila International Airport before it became a civilian airport in 1948?

Military airbase Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum height of the Ambuklao dam?

129 meters Signup and view all the answers

What significant law was passed for architects in 1950?

RA 545 Signup and view all the answers

What was the usable storage capacity of the Ambuklao dam's reservoir?

258,000,000 cubic meters Signup and view all the answers

When did the construction of the Ambuklao dam begin?

June 17, 1950 Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was instrumental in passing the Civil Engineering law (RA 544) in 1950?

Philippine Association of Civil Engineers Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

to Civil Engineering

Civil engineering foundations date back to ancient sContributionsocieties, showcasing remarkable structures created with basic tools and mathematics.
Key ancient civil engineering feats include the Qanat water management system (older than 3000 years, 71 km long) and the Parthenon in Greece (447-438 BC).
The Romans introduced extensive civil structures: aqueducts, insulae, harbors, bridges, dams, and roads, exemplified by in the Appian Way (c. 312 BC) and Julius Caesar's bridge over the Rhine River (55 BC).
Significant structures from history include Sennacherib's Aqueduct in Jerwan (691 BC), Pont du Gard in France (19 BC), and Machu Picchu in Peru (c. 1450), noted for advanced water resource engineering.
Historical architects like Vitruvius produced essential works on architecture, shaping engineering education and practices in ancient Rome.

Evolution of Engineering Techniques

Historical construction relied on artisans like stonemasons and carpenters, with knowledge preserved in guilds, leading to incremental scaling of structures.
Archimedes' scientific contributions in the 3rd century BC, including principles of buoyancy and the Archimedes’ screw, marked early developments in civil engineering mathematics.
In the 7th century AD, Indian mathematician Brahmagupta utilized arithmetic for excavation calculations due to Hindu-Arabic numeral advancements.

Modern Civil Engineering Developments

Modern civil engineering began with the establishment of the Bridge and Highway Corps in France (1716) and later the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées (1747).
Development of expert knowledge and moving beyond empirical formulas positioned nonmilitary engineers as key figures.
Markets evolved, allowing self-taught craftsmen to transition into formal civil engineering roles throughout history.

Significant Engineering Projects in the Philippines

Puente Grande: First bridge across the Rio del Pasig (1632), noted for continual reconstructions due to earthquake damage, later becoming Jones Bridge in the 1930s.
Irrigation advancements began with artesian wells and water systems initiated by Fr. Juan Peguero (1686) and the oldest irrigation system constructed by Fr. Jose Delgado.
The Pasig River Light House (1846) was the first masonry lighthouse in the Philippines, indicating advancements in maritime navigation.

Institutional Growth and Legislation

The Department of Public Works and Communications was established in 1931, succeeding the Department of Commerce and Communications.
Civil engineering laws, like the Civil Engineering law (RA 544) and Architect's law (RA 545), were passed in 1950, professionalizing the sector.
The Philippine Association of Civil Engineers (PACE) formed in 1937, aimed to elevate professional standards and promote technological knowledge within civil engineering.

Milestones and Infrastructure in the 20th Century

The Ambuklao Dam (1956) became the tallest and largest in the Far East, showcasing significant advancements in civil engineering with a vast storage capacity.
Infrastructure developments in the 1950s focused on rebuilding post-WWII, ensuring new and improved public utilities across the Philippines.

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Description

Explore the remarkable contributions of ancient engineers who revolutionized construction. This quiz covers the techniques of building with shaped stones and the lasting impact on architecture. Dive into the skills and imagination that defined their era.