Ancient Egypt Overview

A long balancing pole with a weight on one end and a bucket on the other, used to lift water and empty it onto higher ground.

A system of writing using hieroglyphs, where each symbol represents a number from 1 to 1,000,000.

An ancient Egyptian medical text describing 48 surgical cases, including a detailed list of instruments used during surgeries.

The use of specific materials and techniques to preserve a dead body.

The earliest documented evidence of brain study, found in the Edwin Smith Papyrus.

The Nile River is the longest river in the world, flowing from south to north. It floods during the warmest time of year, providing fertile soil and water for irrigation in ancient Egypt.

Ancient Egyptians relied heavily on the Nile River for survival. They were farmers who grew crops like wheat, barley, and vegetables, all thanks to the river's fertile soil and water.

The pharaohs were the rulers of ancient Egypt. They controlled the land and often used the wealth of the farmers to fund their projects.

The ancient Egyptian economy relied heavily on natural resources, agriculture, tourism, and industry. The currency was the Egyptian Pound.

In ancient Egypt, grain was a vital crop used to make bread, porridge, and beer. It was typically planted after the Nile's flood season.

Ancient Egyptians grew a wide variety of crops like wheat, barley, vegetables, figs, melons, pomegranates, vines, and flax. The flax was used to make linen.

Ancient Egypt was rich in gold deposits, particularly in the Arabian-Nubian Shield. The Sukari mine is the only active gold mine in Egypt.

The Nile River served as a vital waterway for transporting building materials in ancient Egypt. It helped connect different parts of the country, facilitating trade and communication.

The period between October and February when the Nile floods recede, leaving fertile soil for planting.

The season from March to May when crops are harvested and the canals are repaired for the next flood.

A tool used to separate grain from chaff by throwing it into the air using a scoop.

A handheld tool with a curved blade used for cutting crops.

A long, narrow piece of wood used to push soil in agriculture.

A tool with a flat head used for breaking up soil and weeding.

A tool with multiple teeth used for gathering and moving hay or straw.

Ancient Egyptians believed illnesses were caused by spirits blocking channels in the body.

A type of surgical tool with a sharp blade used for making precise incisions.

A surgical tool with two blades that are used to cut, trim, or separate tissue.

A small, slender, pointed instrument used to grasp and hold tissue.

A curved, spoon-shaped instrument often used to scrape or hold tissue.

A surgical tool used to pierce tissue for bloodletting or other procedures.

A slender, pointed instrument used to explore or examine cavities or wounds.

A tweezer-like instrument with two jaws used for grasping or clamping tissue.

The removal of the brain through the nose during the mummification process.

A mixture of malachite and galena used by ancient Egyptians to create green eye makeup.

A paste used for cleaning teeth, made from ingredients such as powdered ox hooves, ashes, burnt eggshells, and pumice.

The formal announcement of a death in ancient Egypt.

The process of preserving a body after death, typically involving the removal of organs, drying, and wrapping.

The removal of internal organs, such as the liver, stomach, and intestines, during the mummification process.

A key ingredient in ancient Egyptian toothpaste, derived from ground-up hooves.

The final stage of the mummification process, where the body is wrapped in linen bandages and prepared for burial.

The first son of Horus, the god of the sky, who was believed to protect the liver of the deceased.

His jackal head symbolizes his role as a protector of the stomach.

This process involved washing the body's interior thoroughly with various substances to prevent decay.

This step involved stuffing the body with materials to maintain its shape and prevent it from collapsing after drying.

Using natron salt, this was a critical step in removing moisture from the body, halting decomposition.

The delicate wrapping of the body in linen was a meticulous process, ensuring its preservation and preparation for the afterlife.

This was the final ceremony where the mummy was carried through town, marking the transition to the afterlife.

This ceremony involved rituals performed on the mummy's mouth to grant the deceased the ability to speak and consume in the afterlife.