Ancient Egypt and Its Civilization

A plant that was used to make paper and wood for ships in Ancient Egypt.

The process of preserving the bodies of the dead in Ancient Egypt. This involved drying out the body and wrapping it in linen.

A powerful ruler of Ancient Egypt, often seen as a god-king.

The Nile River is a vital water source that provided water for irrigation, transportation, and drinking in Ancient Egypt.

Ancient Egypt was located in Northeast Africa. It stretched along the Nile River from the Mediterranean Sea to the south.

A Greek historian who famously called Egypt "The Gift of the Nile" due to the river's crucial role in supporting life and agriculture in the region.

The annual flooding of the Nile River, occurring in July, deposited nutrient-rich silt that transformed the land into fertile soil ideal for farming.

The Pharaohs ruled both in the northern city of Memphis and the southern city of Thebes, establishing a culture that continues to amaze people globally with its iconic pyramids, hieroglyphics, and awe-inspiring temples and artifacts.

Ancient Egyptians worshipped a wide range of gods and goddesses, often building grand temples in their honor.

The Egyptian economy is prominent in the Arab world. It primarily revolves around natural resources, agriculture, tourism, and industry.

The official currency of Egypt is the Egyptian Pound.

The Arabian-Nubian Shield, a geological formation, is rich in gold deposits. Sukari is the only currently operational gold mine in Egypt.

The majority of the population in Ancient Egypt consisted of farmers who worked the fertile lands along the Nile River.

The time when the Nile River flooded, preventing farming. Farmers worked for the pharaoh or repaired tools.

The time when the Nile floodwaters receded, leaving fertile soil for planting crops.

The time of harvesting crops before the Nile floods again.

A simple machine used by ancient Egyptians to lift water from a lower to a higher place.

Animals helped ancient Egyptians in farming by trampling seeds, pulling ploughs, providing food, and more.

Ancient Egyptians believed in prayers and herbs as remedies, but also believed in gods, demons, and spirits causing illness.

Tools like winnowing scoops, hoes, rakes, sickles, and ploughs were used by ancient Egyptian farmers.

The annual flooding of the Nile River provided life-giving fertile soil, enabling agriculture in ancient Egypt.

An ancient Egyptian eye makeup made by combining soot with a lead mineral called galena. It was believed to cure eye diseases and protect against the evil eye.

A green eye makeup made by mixing malachite with galena. It was also used for medicinal purposes.

A type of writing using picture symbols, developed by the ancient Egyptians.

Toothpaste used by ancient Egyptians, containing ingredients such as powdered ox hooves, ashes, burnt eggshells and pumice.

A long balancing pole with a weight on one end and a bucket on the other used for irrigation in ancient Egypt.

The practice of wearing wigs, particularly among the wealthy Egyptians, as a symbol of status and personal expression.

A type of flatworm still found in Egypt today. It is believed to have existed during ancient Egypt.

A mixture of beeswax, soot and vegetable gum used by ancient Egyptians to create black ink for writing and drawing.

A device used in ancient Egypt to lift water from canals onto the land. It consists of a long pole balanced on a crossbeam with a bucket on one end and a weight on the other.

Ancient Egyptians believed that these blocked channels in the body affected its functioning. They used a combination of prayer and natural remedies to attempt to unblock them.

Ancient Egyptians developed their own system of numbers and letters. They used it to document their ideas, make calculations, and record medical observations.

Ancient Egyptians used their knowledge of mathematics to create a decimal system using seven different symbols.

Ancient Egyptians developed surgical techniques to fix broken bones, dislocate joints, and stitch wounds.

Ancient Egyptians were aware of the healing properties of certain plants. They used willow leaves to treat inflammation in their bandages.

Ancient Egyptian physicians did not perform internal surgeries because they lacked the necessary tools, such as anesthetics and antiseptics.

Circumcision was a common practice in ancient Egypt for baby boys. It is difficult to determine whether female circumcision existed.

The ancient Egyptians built canals and ditches to channel the Nile River's annual floodwaters to their fields, ensuring reliable irrigation and farming.

A surgical procedure used by ancient Egyptians to stop bleeding by burning away the damaged tissue with a heated instrument.

The earliest known medical text, written by ancient Egyptians, containing detailed descriptions of surgical procedures, instruments, and treatments for various ailments. It also includes a study of the brain.

Ancient Egyptian surgeons used a variety of tools, including scalpels, scissors, needles, forceps, and probes, to perform surgical procedures.

During the hot Egyptian summers, many people shaved their heads to stay cool and prevent pests such as lice.

Ancient Egyptians used various materials for wound care, including lint, swabs, bandage, adhesive plaster, and surgical stitches.

A medical practice in ancient Egypt that involved suturing wounds using a needle and thread. The Edwin Smith Papyrus provides detailed instructions for this technique.