40 Questions
What was the style of government in Babylon?
Absolute monarchy
Who was the Nebuchadnezzar known as?
A military leader
What was the code of Hammurabi known for?
Equal justice
What was the significance of the wheel in Babylon?
It was used for transportation
What was the social structure of Babylon like?
It had three main classes
What was the Babylonians' religious belief system like?
Polytheistic
What was the significance of the Tower of Babel in Babylonian history?
It was a notable architectural achievement
What led to the downfall of the Babylonian Empire?
Persian invasion
Who founded formal logic?
Aristotle
What was the significance of architecture in ancient Greece?
To honor gods
What was the Olympic games originally used for?
To promote athletic competitions
What was the language of ancient Greece?
Hellenistic Greek
What was the result of the Trojan War?
The city of Troy was burned and robbed
What was unique about ancient Greece?
It consisted of city-states
What was the first known democracy in the world located in?
Athens
What was the social class system of ancient Rome divided into?
Two main classes
Which of the following civilizations built roads and promoted their language?
Inca
Who was the Aztec leader who fought in the battle of Tenochtitlan against Hernan Cortes?
Moctezuma
Which of the following civilizations practiced astronomy and had a filtration system?
Maya
Who was the Inca ruler who was known for expanding the empire and building road networks?
Topa
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the Aztec government?
Democracy
Who was the Maya leader known for his building projects?
Pakal the Great
What was the main god of the Aztec civilization?
Tonatiuh
Who took control of the Inca capital?
Francisco Pizarro
What was the primary purpose of the advanced irrigation system developed by the Sumerians?
To facilitate the cultivation of wheat
What was the significance of the Hammurabi code?
It was a code of conduct for the Sumerian kings
What was the style of government in the Sumerian civilization?
Theocracy
Who was the king of Ur who overthrew the Sumerians?
Uthuegal
What was the primary material used for writing by the Sumerians?
Damp clay tablets
What was the primary reason for the small-scale conflicts in the Sumerian civilization?
Land and resources
What was the significance of the wheel in the Sumerian civilization?
It was used for transportation
What was the characteristic of the Sumerian writing system?
Wedge-shaped
What was the outcome of the Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 AD?
Cao was prevented from conquering China, and the southern warlords founded their own kingdoms.
What was the primary occupation of the Chinese people in ancient times?
Peasant farmers
What was a distinctive feature of the Zhou royal house?
A hierarchical system with aristocratic families as lords
What led to the decline of the Qing dynasty?
Rapid population growth and dissatisfaction with strict laws
Who was the leader of Greece known for his military prowess?
Alexander the Great
What was the birthplace of Greece?
Athens
Who founded formal logic?
Aristotle
What system of government was practiced in Athens?
Athenian Democracy
Study Notes
Sumerians
- Dates: 4100-1750 BCE
- Location: Present-day Iraq
- Government: Theocracy, with kings passing laws and governing cities
- Leaders: Enmebaragesi, Gilgamesh, Mesannepada, Meskiagnum, Elul, Enshakushanna, Lugal-Zag-Si
- Famous people: Enmebaragesi, Gilgamesh, Mesannepada, Meskiagnum, Elul, Enshakushanna, Lugal-Zag-Si
- Inventions: Wheel, irrigation, time, plow, cuneiform (oldest form of writing)
- Currency: Silver, barley, cattle
- Farming: Primarily grew wheat, developed advanced irrigation system
- Wars: Small-scale conflicts, causes of war: land, resources, water
Babylonians
- Dates: 2000-539 BCE
- Location: Present-day Iraq, Fertile Crescent, Mesopotamia, Babylonia
- Government: Absolute monarchy, Hammurabi's code of equal justice
- Leaders: Hammurabi (1792-1750 BCE), Nebuchadnezzar (military leader)
- Famous people: Hammurabi (Hammurabi code, unifying Babylon), Nebuchadnezzar (greatest military leader, built the hanging gardens)
- Inventions: Wheel, bricks, 60-minute time system, sailboat, astronomy
- Social classes: Upper, Lower, Slave, family, women's rights
- Polytheistic religion: Incorporated other civilizations' beliefs, gods related to politics, lived in temples
- Gods: Marduk, Enlil, Anu, Nabu, Shamash, Ashur, Nergal, Ereshkigal, Ninurta
- Wars: Battle of Nineveh (612 BCE), Fall of Babylon (Persian Empire, King Cyrus)
Egyptians
- Dates: 3100-30 BCE
- Location: Egypt
- Wars: Warring states period (403 BCE - 221 BCE), Battle of Red Cliffs (208 AD)
- Rise: 13 major dynasties, First dynasty in power was Xia (Hsia) Dynasty (2100-1600 BCE)
- Fall: Qing dynasty (1895-1900), population growth, colonialism
- Main occupation: Peasant farmers
- Lived in small groups of 100 people
Greeks
- Dates: 776 BCE-146 BCE
- Location: Greece, Ionia
- Leaders: Alexander the Great, Aeschylus, Solon, Draco, Aristotle
- Government: Athenian Democracy
- Famous people: Alexander the Great (unified Babylon), Aristotle (founded formal logic)
- Ideas: Architecture (uniformity and harmony), Medicine (lung disease, lung cancer, heart disease), Math (emphasis on deductive reasoning), Astronomy (Earth as a sphere), Philosophy (multiple gods), Olympic Games (held every 4 years)
- Polytheistic religion: Gods punished people, controlled citizens, and all aspects of life
- Wars: Trojan War, Persian Wars
Romans
- Dates: 753 BCE-476 CE
- Location: Rome, started around the Vatican area
- Government: Roman Kingdom (753 BCE-509 BCE), Roman Republic (510 BCE-40 BCE), Imperial Rome (20 CE-360 CE), Eastern Roman Empire (405 CE-1453 CE), Western Roman Empire (405 CE-480 CE)
- Leaders: Class system: Patricians (upper class), Plebeians (working-class)
- Famous people: Not mentioned
Maya, Inca, and Aztec
- Dates: Maya (2000 BCE-1541 BCE), Inca (1100 BCE-1535 CE), Aztec (1195 BCE-1550 CE)
- Location: Maya (Central America, Nicaragua, Honduras), Inca (South America, Peru), Aztec (Central America, Mexico)
- Leaders: Maya (Crescencio, Pakal the Great), Inca (Pachacuti, Topa), Aztec (Hernan Cortes, Moctezuma)
- Government: Not mentioned
- Famous people: Above
- Ideas: Maya (Astronomy, filtration system, Mayan ballgame), Inca (Terrace farming, rope bridges, temples, road systems), Aztec (Calendar, pyramid, sacrifice)
- Polytheistic religion: Maya (Hunab Ku, sacrifices), Inca (Inti, Mama Killa, Viracocha, built statues and temples), Aztec (Tonatiuh, language-Nahuatl, many rituals)
- Wars: Maya (Calakmul defeated Tikal), Inca (Inca dynasty war), Aztec (Tepanec war)
- How civilization came about and how they faded from power: Maya (began building, fought Spanish conquistadors), Inca (moved to Cuzco Valley, Francisco Pizarro took control), Aztec (settled in the Valley of Mexico, everything was destroyed)
Review key aspects of ancient civilizations, including dates, locations, leaders, and government styles. Covers Sumerians and other civilizations discussed in class.
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