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Questions and Answers
What was the style of government in Babylon?
What was the style of government in Babylon?
Who was the Nebuchadnezzar known as?
Who was the Nebuchadnezzar known as?
What was the code of Hammurabi known for?
What was the code of Hammurabi known for?
What was the significance of the wheel in Babylon?
What was the significance of the wheel in Babylon?
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What was the social structure of Babylon like?
What was the social structure of Babylon like?
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What was the Babylonians' religious belief system like?
What was the Babylonians' religious belief system like?
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What was the significance of the Tower of Babel in Babylonian history?
What was the significance of the Tower of Babel in Babylonian history?
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What led to the downfall of the Babylonian Empire?
What led to the downfall of the Babylonian Empire?
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Who founded formal logic?
Who founded formal logic?
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What was the significance of architecture in ancient Greece?
What was the significance of architecture in ancient Greece?
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What was the Olympic games originally used for?
What was the Olympic games originally used for?
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What was the language of ancient Greece?
What was the language of ancient Greece?
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What was the result of the Trojan War?
What was the result of the Trojan War?
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What was unique about ancient Greece?
What was unique about ancient Greece?
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What was the first known democracy in the world located in?
What was the first known democracy in the world located in?
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What was the social class system of ancient Rome divided into?
What was the social class system of ancient Rome divided into?
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Which of the following civilizations built roads and promoted their language?
Which of the following civilizations built roads and promoted their language?
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Who was the Aztec leader who fought in the battle of Tenochtitlan against Hernan Cortes?
Who was the Aztec leader who fought in the battle of Tenochtitlan against Hernan Cortes?
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Which of the following civilizations practiced astronomy and had a filtration system?
Which of the following civilizations practiced astronomy and had a filtration system?
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Who was the Inca ruler who was known for expanding the empire and building road networks?
Who was the Inca ruler who was known for expanding the empire and building road networks?
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Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the Aztec government?
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the Aztec government?
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Who was the Maya leader known for his building projects?
Who was the Maya leader known for his building projects?
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What was the main god of the Aztec civilization?
What was the main god of the Aztec civilization?
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Who took control of the Inca capital?
Who took control of the Inca capital?
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What was the primary purpose of the advanced irrigation system developed by the Sumerians?
What was the primary purpose of the advanced irrigation system developed by the Sumerians?
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What was the significance of the Hammurabi code?
What was the significance of the Hammurabi code?
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What was the style of government in the Sumerian civilization?
What was the style of government in the Sumerian civilization?
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Who was the king of Ur who overthrew the Sumerians?
Who was the king of Ur who overthrew the Sumerians?
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What was the primary material used for writing by the Sumerians?
What was the primary material used for writing by the Sumerians?
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What was the primary reason for the small-scale conflicts in the Sumerian civilization?
What was the primary reason for the small-scale conflicts in the Sumerian civilization?
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What was the significance of the wheel in the Sumerian civilization?
What was the significance of the wheel in the Sumerian civilization?
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What was the characteristic of the Sumerian writing system?
What was the characteristic of the Sumerian writing system?
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What was the outcome of the Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 AD?
What was the outcome of the Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 AD?
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What was the primary occupation of the Chinese people in ancient times?
What was the primary occupation of the Chinese people in ancient times?
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What was a distinctive feature of the Zhou royal house?
What was a distinctive feature of the Zhou royal house?
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What led to the decline of the Qing dynasty?
What led to the decline of the Qing dynasty?
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Who was the leader of Greece known for his military prowess?
Who was the leader of Greece known for his military prowess?
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What was the birthplace of Greece?
What was the birthplace of Greece?
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Who founded formal logic?
Who founded formal logic?
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What system of government was practiced in Athens?
What system of government was practiced in Athens?
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Study Notes
Sumerians
- Dates: 4100-1750 BCE
- Location: Present-day Iraq
- Government: Theocracy, with kings passing laws and governing cities
- Leaders: Enmebaragesi, Gilgamesh, Mesannepada, Meskiagnum, Elul, Enshakushanna, Lugal-Zag-Si
- Famous people: Enmebaragesi, Gilgamesh, Mesannepada, Meskiagnum, Elul, Enshakushanna, Lugal-Zag-Si
- Inventions: Wheel, irrigation, time, plow, cuneiform (oldest form of writing)
- Currency: Silver, barley, cattle
- Farming: Primarily grew wheat, developed advanced irrigation system
- Wars: Small-scale conflicts, causes of war: land, resources, water
Babylonians
- Dates: 2000-539 BCE
- Location: Present-day Iraq, Fertile Crescent, Mesopotamia, Babylonia
- Government: Absolute monarchy, Hammurabi's code of equal justice
- Leaders: Hammurabi (1792-1750 BCE), Nebuchadnezzar (military leader)
- Famous people: Hammurabi (Hammurabi code, unifying Babylon), Nebuchadnezzar (greatest military leader, built the hanging gardens)
- Inventions: Wheel, bricks, 60-minute time system, sailboat, astronomy
- Social classes: Upper, Lower, Slave, family, women's rights
- Polytheistic religion: Incorporated other civilizations' beliefs, gods related to politics, lived in temples
- Gods: Marduk, Enlil, Anu, Nabu, Shamash, Ashur, Nergal, Ereshkigal, Ninurta
- Wars: Battle of Nineveh (612 BCE), Fall of Babylon (Persian Empire, King Cyrus)
Egyptians
- Dates: 3100-30 BCE
- Location: Egypt
- Wars: Warring states period (403 BCE - 221 BCE), Battle of Red Cliffs (208 AD)
- Rise: 13 major dynasties, First dynasty in power was Xia (Hsia) Dynasty (2100-1600 BCE)
- Fall: Qing dynasty (1895-1900), population growth, colonialism
- Main occupation: Peasant farmers
- Lived in small groups of 100 people
Greeks
- Dates: 776 BCE-146 BCE
- Location: Greece, Ionia
- Leaders: Alexander the Great, Aeschylus, Solon, Draco, Aristotle
- Government: Athenian Democracy
- Famous people: Alexander the Great (unified Babylon), Aristotle (founded formal logic)
- Ideas: Architecture (uniformity and harmony), Medicine (lung disease, lung cancer, heart disease), Math (emphasis on deductive reasoning), Astronomy (Earth as a sphere), Philosophy (multiple gods), Olympic Games (held every 4 years)
- Polytheistic religion: Gods punished people, controlled citizens, and all aspects of life
- Wars: Trojan War, Persian Wars
Romans
- Dates: 753 BCE-476 CE
- Location: Rome, started around the Vatican area
- Government: Roman Kingdom (753 BCE-509 BCE), Roman Republic (510 BCE-40 BCE), Imperial Rome (20 CE-360 CE), Eastern Roman Empire (405 CE-1453 CE), Western Roman Empire (405 CE-480 CE)
- Leaders: Class system: Patricians (upper class), Plebeians (working-class)
- Famous people: Not mentioned
Maya, Inca, and Aztec
- Dates: Maya (2000 BCE-1541 BCE), Inca (1100 BCE-1535 CE), Aztec (1195 BCE-1550 CE)
- Location: Maya (Central America, Nicaragua, Honduras), Inca (South America, Peru), Aztec (Central America, Mexico)
- Leaders: Maya (Crescencio, Pakal the Great), Inca (Pachacuti, Topa), Aztec (Hernan Cortes, Moctezuma)
- Government: Not mentioned
- Famous people: Above
- Ideas: Maya (Astronomy, filtration system, Mayan ballgame), Inca (Terrace farming, rope bridges, temples, road systems), Aztec (Calendar, pyramid, sacrifice)
- Polytheistic religion: Maya (Hunab Ku, sacrifices), Inca (Inti, Mama Killa, Viracocha, built statues and temples), Aztec (Tonatiuh, language-Nahuatl, many rituals)
- Wars: Maya (Calakmul defeated Tikal), Inca (Inca dynasty war), Aztec (Tepanec war)
- How civilization came about and how they faded from power: Maya (began building, fought Spanish conquistadors), Inca (moved to Cuzco Valley, Francisco Pizarro took control), Aztec (settled in the Valley of Mexico, everything was destroyed)
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Description
Review key aspects of ancient civilizations, including dates, locations, leaders, and government styles. Covers Sumerians and other civilizations discussed in class.
