Ancient Civilizations and Scientific Revolution

The systematic process of observation, experimentation, and hypothesis testing, central to modern science.

The period in history when major advancements in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry changed how people understood the natural world.

A civilization that flourished between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, known for its advanced irrigation systems and early forms of writing.

A collection of individuals living together in a structured and organized way.

The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, leading to the creation of tools, methods, and systems.

A powerful energy source that fueled the Industrial Revolution, transforming manufacturing and transportation.

A system created by the Sumerians that revolutionized agriculture by controlling water flow.

Roman structures that transported water over long distances, showcasing their advanced engineering skills.

The ancient Greek philosopher who is widely considered the "Father of Philosophy." He emphasized critical thinking, questioning assumptions, and using logic to understand the world.

The ancient Greek philosopher who is considered the "Father of Philosophy." He emphasized critical thinking, questioning assumptions, and using logic to understand the world.

A Chinese philosophy that emphasizes harmony with nature, social order, and respect for tradition. It is based on the teachings of Confucius and focuses on ethical and social values.

The field of study that examines celestial objects, their movements, and the laws governing them.

The ancient writing system of the Sumerians, developed in Mesopotamia around 3500 BCE. It used wedge-shaped marks made on clay tablets.

Claudius Ptolemaeus, a Greek-Roman astronomer and mathematician, proposed the geocentric model of the universe which placed Earth at the center and had other celestial bodies revolving around it.

Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish Renaissance astronomer proposed the heliocentric model of the universe which placed the Sun at the center with the Earth and other planets revolving around it.

A type of therapy developed by Sigmund Freud that aims to resolve psychological problems by exploring unconscious thoughts, feelings, and motivations using techniques like free association and dream analysis.

The publication of Copernicus's book "De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium" is widely regarded as a pivotal event in scientific history. It challenged the long-held geocentric model (Earth-centered universe) by proposing a heliocentric model (Sun-centered universe).

Copernicus proposed that the Earth and other planets revolved around the Sun, challenging the dominant geocentric model of the universe.

Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection describes how species change over time in response to their environments. This theory suggests that organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to their offspring.

Freud emphasized the importance of human sexuality and argued that the human mind is driven by basic instincts, including aggression and the desire for pleasure.

Pre-colonial societies had advanced technologies like agriculture, animal husbandry, and medicine. They also developed sophisticated writing, numbering, and measurement systems.

During the Metal Age, societies developed advanced skills in working with metals, creating intricate jewelry, tools, and weapons. Trade with other countries like China, Japan, and Indonesia facilitated cultural and technological exchange.

The Spanish colonial period in the Philippines saw the introduction of new technologies, languages, and religious practices. This period also brought about significant changes in the social and economic structures of the country.

The Bureau of Science established during the American colonial period focused on formalizing education and creating academic and scientific institutions.

Religious orders played a significant role in shaping the educational system during the American colonial period, influencing the focus on religious education.

Due to limited resources and qualified teachers, primary education during the American colonial period was primarily religious, with a focus on basic literacy and religious values.

The Bureau of Science introduced formal science and technology education in the Philippines, focusing on human anatomy, plant and animal life, and meteorological conditions.

These initiatives provided opportunities for Filipinos to pursue higher education in science and technology by offering scholarships for postgraduate courses.

The National Science Development Board (NSDB) was established in 1958, setting a foundation for coordinated scientific research and development in the Philippines.

The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) was created in 1986 as the main government agency responsible for promoting scientific and technological advancement in the Philippines.

The 1987 Philippine Constitution acknowledges the crucial role of science and technology in national development and progress, highlighting the need for prioritizing scientific and technological endeavors.

The economic policy focused on boosting profits through trade, particularly the Galleon Trade, which connected the Philippines to Mexico.

The period when the United States controlled the Philippines, resulting in significant advancements in education, infrastructure, and healthcare.

A long-term vision for the Philippines, aiming to create a prosperous, healthy, intelligent, and trustworthy society by 2040.

The strategy of focusing on industries like agriculture, food processing, forestry, and pharmaceuticals

The lack of emphasis on industrial technology development due to a free trade policy with the United States, which favored agriculture and trade.

Government institutions established during the American colonial period to promote scientific research and development.