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Questions and Answers
Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa were two major cities in the ______ Valley.
Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa were two major cities in the ______ Valley.
Indus
The ______ River Valley of China is where the precursor of Linear City was located.
The ______ River Valley of China is where the precursor of Linear City was located.
Yellow
The earliest Neolithic cities in the region of ______ were formed around 9000 B.C.
The earliest Neolithic cities in the region of ______ were formed around 9000 B.C.
Israel
The ______ was a religious and defensive structure in ancient Greek cities.
The ______ was a religious and defensive structure in ancient Greek cities.
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The city of Jericho was only ______ hectares in size, making it compact and manageable.
The city of Jericho was only ______ hectares in size, making it compact and manageable.
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The first noted urban planner, Hippodamus of Miletus, introduced the ______ system.
The first noted urban planner, Hippodamus of Miletus, introduced the ______ system.
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The ______ was a significant innovation that influenced the development of early cities like Jericho.
The ______ was a significant innovation that influenced the development of early cities like Jericho.
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The city of Beijing was founded in approximately the same location it is in today but its present form originated in the ______ Dynasty.
The city of Beijing was founded in approximately the same location it is in today but its present form originated in the ______ Dynasty.
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Khirokitia, an early settlement on ______, was the first documented settlement with streets.
Khirokitia, an early settlement on ______, was the first documented settlement with streets.
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The ______ in Khirokitia were circular buildings with a conical roof, a characteristic feature of the settlement.
The ______ in Khirokitia were circular buildings with a conical roof, a characteristic feature of the settlement.
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Catalhoyuk, an early settlement in Turkey, is considered the largest ______ city of its time.
Catalhoyuk, an early settlement in Turkey, is considered the largest ______ city of its time.
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The Fertile Crescent is named for its fertile land, formed by the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys in ______.
The Fertile Crescent is named for its fertile land, formed by the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys in ______.
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The city of Jericho, near the Dead Sea, is recognized as one of the earliest ______ settlements.
The city of Jericho, near the Dead Sea, is recognized as one of the earliest ______ settlements.
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The Egyptian city of Tel-el-Amarna had a ______ area, north suburb, and south city.
The Egyptian city of Tel-el-Amarna had a ______ area, north suburb, and south city.
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Ancient Egyptian cities, such as Thebes and Memphis, are known for their monumental ______, including avenues, temples, and tombs.
Ancient Egyptian cities, such as Thebes and Memphis, are known for their monumental ______, including avenues, temples, and tombs.
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______ was a prominent ancient Greek city, renowned for its commerce and culture.
______ was a prominent ancient Greek city, renowned for its commerce and culture.
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The ______ is a notable feature of Miletus, representing the city's historical significance.
The ______ is a notable feature of Miletus, representing the city's historical significance.
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The ______ in Miletus are testament to the Romans' prowess in engineering.
The ______ in Miletus are testament to the Romans' prowess in engineering.
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The Roman city layout, influenced by the Greeks, showcased a distinct ______, evident in the arrangement of public spaces and buildings.
The Roman city layout, influenced by the Greeks, showcased a distinct ______, evident in the arrangement of public spaces and buildings.
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The ______ was a critical component of Roman cities, providing leisure and hygiene for citizens.
The ______ was a critical component of Roman cities, providing leisure and hygiene for citizens.
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Flashcards
Mudbrick
Mudbrick
A brick made of loam, mud, sand, and water with added binding materials like straw.
Jericho
Jericho
An ancient settlement in Israel, known for being the first farming community around 9000 B.C.
Khirokitia
Khirokitia
An early settlement in Cyprus around 5500 B.C., featuring streets and social spaces.
Neolithic Cities
Neolithic Cities
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Circular Stone Wall
Circular Stone Wall
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Miletus
Miletus
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Agora
Agora
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Temple of Athena
Temple of Athena
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Roman Engineering
Roman Engineering
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South Agora
South Agora
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Indus Valley Civilization
Indus Valley Civilization
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Anyang
Anyang
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Acropolis
Acropolis
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Hippodamus of Miletus
Hippodamus of Miletus
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Mesoamerican Cities
Mesoamerican Cities
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Catalhoyuk
Catalhoyuk
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Eridu
Eridu
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Thebes
Thebes
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Tel-el-Amarna
Tel-el-Amarna
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Study Notes
History of Settlements
- Settlements have developed over time, influenced by various factors.
- Natural factors affecting urban areas include natural disasters (fire, floods, volcanic eruptions), the presence of fertile land, water sources, and natural resources. Terrain and defenses also play a role. Climate is also a significant factor.
- Innovations influenced early cities. Examples include the plow and rectilinear farming, circular and radiocentric planning for herding, and later for defense.
- Early settlements, like Jericho (c. 9000 BCE) in Israel, were well-organized communities centered around reliable water sources and were surrounded by protective walls. Jericho had a pop. of ~3000 people.
- Khirokitia (c. 5500 BCE) in Cyprus, another example, had a planned layout, and notable street patterns.
- The city of Jericho had a system of double redoubtable walls built well before the medieval ages.
- Catalhoyuk (c. 7000 BCE) in Turkey was a large and complex Neolithic city featuring an intricate layout, without structured streets, and shrines dedicated to specific crafts (textiles, ceramics, metal), housing, along with large public gathering spaces indicating a significant trade, and market place emphasis on early settlements. Population = ~10000 people living on 13 hectares.
- Cities in the Fertile Crescent (c. 2000-4000 BCE) like Eridu, Damascus, and Babylon, emerged along the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys. Eridu is considered the oldest city. Babylon was notable for its significant population (~80,000).
- By 3000 BCE, the Nile Valley saw cities like Thebes and Memphis, featuring monumental architecture, colossal temples, plazas, and rock-cut tombs. Workers lived in housing that clustered along narrow roads.
- In the mid-2nd millennium BCE, Indus Valley cities (Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa) in present-day Pakistan showed advanced features, including planned housing arrangements, efficient sanitary and sewage systems. Population = ~40,000.
- During the 15th century, cities like Vienna were seen as centers of culture and the arts.
- 11th Century saw coastal port cities in Europe develop from fortified military outposts, becoming major trading centers. Population growth and trade led to congestion and slum problems. Cities like Florence, Paris, and Venice became major hubs.
- By the 15th century, arts and architecture influenced city layouts. Geometric designs were also implemented.
- The Medieval age saw the decline of Roman power, affecting urbanization. New towns developed around previously abandoned outposts, featuring winding streets, and cathedrals, or military fortifications. Major new towns included Sienna, and Constantinople.
- In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Industrial Revolution brought significant changes to settlement patterns. Cities developed around assembly lines and factories. This led to new theoretical approaches and concepts of city planning. Early forms of urban planning focused on efficiency and specialized housing and worker's villages around production.
- Some early theorists envisioned ideal cities reflecting social concerns. Examples include Robert Owen's "Ideal City," centered on social harmony and well-being. More specifically, Robert Owen's new community called New Harmony (Indiana, USA) aimed to improve daily life for workers. This was partially rooted in both Utopian Socialism, and the political and social landscape of the time.
- Later theorists, like Tony Garnier with ideas like "Une Cite Industrielle", in the early 20th century, explored residential, working, and institutional spaces within a city plan. Features included industry zones, residential areas, and central civic structures. Modern city planning concepts can be traced back to these early theorists.
Additional Points on Specific Settlements
- Tel el-Amarna (Egypt): A typical Egyptian city with a central area, suburbs (north and south), customs house, and worker's village.
- Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley: Showcasing advanced urban planning (Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa). Examples of planned and well-organized sewage systems, and housing arrangements are notable.
- Annapolis and Williamsburg: Planned cities developed during the English Renaissance.
- Philadelphia: Designed by William Penn, with a pre-planned layout utilizing a grid system to manage city growth, which was seen as a way to encourage settlement and infrastructure growth in the region.
- Miletus (Greece): Considered a noted example, thanks to Hippodamus, the planner and architect that influenced the development of residential sections and a public marketplace that reflected an important part of life in the city. This was an early form of grid city planning.
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Description
Test your knowledge on ancient cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, and explore their characteristics and innovations in urban planning. This quiz covers significant settlements, their structures, and historical context. See how well you understand the foundations of urban civilization!
