Podcast
Questions and Answers
Objects made from clay are called ______, a term derived from the Greek word 'keramos'.
Objects made from clay are called ______, a term derived from the Greek word 'keramos'.
ceramics
Firing clay at approximately $1200°C$ transforms it into ______, a more robust ceramic.
Firing clay at approximately $1200°C$ transforms it into ______, a more robust ceramic.
stoneware
Baking clay at extremely high temperatures alters its ______, rendering it nearly indestructible.
Baking clay at extremely high temperatures alters its ______, rendering it nearly indestructible.
structure
Early potters sometimes coated the inside of woven baskets with clay to enable them to ______.
Early potters sometimes coated the inside of woven baskets with clay to enable them to ______.
Early potters embellished their works by ______ the surface of the soft clay to create patterns and designs.
Early potters embellished their works by ______ the surface of the soft clay to create patterns and designs.
[Blank], a special type of paint, was used to make clay objects smooth, glossy, and colorful.
[Blank], a special type of paint, was used to make clay objects smooth, glossy, and colorful.
The people of the Greek island of ______ were creating their own pottery decorated with designs and images of animals by 3,500 years ago.
The people of the Greek island of ______ were creating their own pottery decorated with designs and images of animals by 3,500 years ago.
The pottery makers of ______ were the first to learn to make porcelain.
The pottery makers of ______ were the first to learn to make porcelain.
[Blank] is the most delicate and fragile type of pottery.
[Blank] is the most delicate and fragile type of pottery.
For many years, European potters attempted to replicate Chinese ______, but it was not until 1710 that they succeeded.
For many years, European potters attempted to replicate Chinese ______, but it was not until 1710 that they succeeded.
The most ancient ______ in our possession were made out of clay.
The most ancient ______ in our possession were made out of clay.
Much of what is known about past cultures has been learned by studying clay dishes and ______.
Much of what is known about past cultures has been learned by studying clay dishes and ______.
Ceramics are divided into many different kinds based on the type of ______ used and how it is fired.
Ceramics are divided into many different kinds based on the type of ______ used and how it is fired.
To make pottery, clay is typically fired at about ______ degrees Celsius.
To make pottery, clay is typically fired at about ______ degrees Celsius.
When white clay is fired at an even higher temperature, it becomes ______.
When white clay is fired at an even higher temperature, it becomes ______.
The art of making ______ developed in many places around the world.
The art of making ______ developed in many places around the world.
Archeologists think that early potters in China may have covered the inside of woven baskets with clay so that the baskets would ______.
Archeologists think that early potters in China may have covered the inside of woven baskets with clay so that the baskets would ______.
When the baskets were either placed on a fire or left there by mistake, the fire turned the baskets into hard, ______ pots.
When the baskets were either placed on a fire or left there by mistake, the fire turned the baskets into hard, ______ pots.
The ______ were already decorating their pottery with colors and designs.
The ______ were already decorating their pottery with colors and designs.
If you hold a piece of porcelain up in the air, ______ will shine through it.
If you hold a piece of porcelain up in the air, ______ will shine through it.
Flashcards
Artifacts
Artifacts
Human-made objects of historical interest
Ceramics
Ceramics
Objects made from clay
Common types of ceramics
Common types of ceramics
Pottery, stoneware, and porcelain
Pottery
Pottery
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Stoneware
Stoneware
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Porcelain
Porcelain
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Baking clay at high temperatures
Baking clay at high temperatures
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Early pottery origins
Early pottery origins
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Pottery decoration
Pottery decoration
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Porcelain
Porcelain
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Who first made porcelain?
Who first made porcelain?
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Study Notes
- Most ancient artifacts were made of clay thousands of years ago
- Studying clay dishes and figures helps us understand past cultures
- Few items made from other materials have survived as well as clay items
Terminology
- Objects made from clay are called ceramics
- The word "ceramics" comes from the Greek word keramos, meaning "potter's clay"
Types of Ceramics
- Ceramics are divided based on the type of clay and how it's fired
- Common types of ceramics are:
- Pottery
- Stoneware
- Porcelain
- Pottery is made by firing clay at about 500°C
- Stoneware is made by firing clay at about 1200°C
- Porcelain is made by firing white clay at an even higher temperature
- Baking clay at high temperatures changes its structure
- The change in structure makes it permanently hard and almost indestructible
History
- Pottery developed in many places worldwide
- Early pottery may have originated from strengthening woven baskets with clay
- Archeologists believe early Chinese potters covered baskets with clay to hold water
- When baskets were placed on fire, the grass burned away, leaving hard, durable pots
Decoration
- Early potters globally decorated their work to make it attractive
- Decoration techniques:
- Scratching the surface of soft clay for designs
- Using glazes like special paints to make objects smooth, shiny, and colorful
- The Egyptians decorated their pottery with colors and designs
Pottery in the Mediterranean
- Pottery styles began to spread around the Mediterranean region about 5,000 years ago
- By 3,500 years ago, people on the Greek island of Crete made pottery decorated with designs and animals
- These ancient designs have survived for thousands of years and are seen in ancient Greek art
Porcelain
- Chinese pottery makers were the first to learn to make porcelain
- Porcelain is the finest and most fragile type of pottery
- Light shines through porcelain
- The Chinese exported porcelain to Europe, where it was highly valued
- European potters tried to copy Chinese porcelain for many years
- It was not until 1710 that a German succeeded in producing porcelain
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