Ancient Astronomy and Civilizations Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which early civilization is credited with creating the first zodiac of constellations?

  • Egyptians
  • Babylonians
  • Chinese
  • Sumerians (correct)

What was the main purpose of the Stonehenge construction around 2000 BC?

  • To serve as a burial ground
  • To track the movement of planets
  • To predict solar eclipses
  • To mark the solstice (correct)

What concept did Leucippus introduce around 440 BC?

  • The existence of indivisible atoms (correct)
  • The celestial sphere
  • The geocentric model of the universe
  • The heliocentric model of the universe

Which of the following is a usage of astronomical observations by ancient people?

<p>Guiding navigation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed that Earth is a cylinder floating in space?

<p>Anaximander (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which early astronomer is credited with proposing a heliocentric model of the solar system?

<p>Aristarchus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The base-60 counting system, still in use today, was developed by which civilization?

<p>Babylonians (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific astronomical event did the Chinese record in 2296 BC?

<p>A comet observation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did the OMM transition from a private institution to a government agency?

<p>1901 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which conflict was the original astronomical observatory in Manila destroyed?

<p>World War II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the new observatory constructed at the University of the Philippines?

<p>1954 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides PAGASA, which other institution in the Philippines performs astronomical functions?

<p>Philippine National Museum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which branch of PAGASA is the Astronomy Research and Development Section located?

<p>Atmospheric, Geophysical and Space Sciences Branch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1998, besides adding to the total number of telescopes overall, what did PAGASA do with some of its new telescopes?

<p>Distributed them to regional field stations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest telescope size mentioned that was acquired by PAGASA before 1998 (excluding those distributed to regional field stations in 1998)?

<p>30 cm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Astronomy Research and Development Section (AsRDS) within PAGASA?

<p>Managing the observatory and planetarium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary process taking place in the core of the Sun?

<p>Nuclear fusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What keeps the Sun in balance between its internal pressure and gravity?

<p>Gas pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the visible surface layer of the Sun?

<p>Photosphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the Sun is characterized by temperatures dropping from about 2.2 million °C?

<p>Convection zone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does gamma radiation move through the Sun's interior?

<p>Bounces off atoms before reaching the surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate diameter of the Sun?

<p>1,391,000 km (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon allows the Sun to appear round?

<p>Gravity pulling equally in all directions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of particles travel straight out of the Sun into space?

<p>Neutrinos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major theory has emerged regarding the formation of the Moon?

<p>The Moon resulted from a giant impact between Earth and another planet-sized body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Moon rocks indicate about their composition compared to meteorites?

<p>Moon rocks are similar to Earth’s mantle and poorer in metals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during catastrophic collisions with large bodies in the solar system?

<p>The larger body can experience vaporization and melting. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event likely caused Uranus to rotate on its side?

<p>A giant impact with a Mars-sized body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What notable feature is theorized to have formed around Earth as a result of the giant impact?

<p>A ring of ejected material. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested about the volatile materials as a result of the giant impact?

<p>Most volatile materials were lost to space. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do computer simulations suggest about the size of the colliding body in the giant impact theory?

<p>It was comparable to Mars or slightly larger. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary composition of the material ejected during the giant impact?

<p>Predominantly less volatile materials. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the dark areas on the Moon's surface primarily composed of?

<p>Molten basaltic lava (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the Moon's crust?

<p>Plagioclase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evidence suggests that the Moon is geologically dead?

<p>The absence of a significant molten core (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a theory regarding the Moon's origin?

<p>Collision of a Mars-sized object with Earth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why erosion is insignificant on the Moon?

<p>The lack of wind and water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the thick layer of dusty material covering the Moon's surface called?

<p>Regolith (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why the Moon's density suggests little to no iron content?

<p>The Moon's formation process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What astronomical phenomenon is NOT detected on the Moon using sensitive seismology equipment?

<p>Significant moon-quakes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many people can the PAGASA Planetarium seat?

<p>100 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the entrance fee increased to after renovations in 2005?

<p>$0.50 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did the University of the Philippines first offer an astronomy subject?

<p>2002 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant program did Rizal Technological University offer in SY 2005-2006?

<p>Master of Science in Astronomy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of acquiring a mobile planetarium by the AsRDS in 1999?

<p>To reach more people in the countryside (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often is astronomy taught in Grades V and VI in elementary schools in the Philippines?

<p>Three hours per week (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What degree does the Bachelor of Science in Astronomy Technology prepare students for?

<p>A career in science and technology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do requesting parties have when the mobile planetarium visits their location?

<p>Shoulder all expenses for the activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Definition of Astronomy

The study of the universe, including stars, planets, and galaxies.

Historical Astronomy Timeline

Astronomy dates back to 3000 BC with the Sumerians recording stars.

Pyramids of Giza

Built between 2550-2490 BC, possibly to align with stars.

First Recorded Comet

Chinese astronomers observed a comet in 2296 BC.

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Sexagesimal System

A base-60 counting system developed by Babylonians for time and angles.

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Anaximander's Model

Proposed Earth as a cylinder floating in space in 580 BC.

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Heliocentric Theory

Proposed by Aristarchus in 270 BC, where the Sun is at the center.

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Plato and Aristotle's View

Proposed Earth is the center of the universe around 350 BC.

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Maria

Dark, flat areas on the Moon's surface, mistaken for seas.

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Lunar Highlands

Light-colored, hilly regions on the Moon, higher than maria.

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Regolith

A thick layer of dusty material covering the Moon's surface.

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Basaltic Rock

Primary composition of the Moon, formed from volcanic activity.

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Impact Craters

Depressions on the Moon's surface caused by meteoroid collisions.

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Moon's Interior

Solid, lacks a molten core, and is geologically dead.

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Tidal Interaction

Vibrations detected on the Moon due to gravitational effects from Earth.

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Theories of Moon Formation

Various hypotheses explaining how the Moon originated, like capture or formation in place.

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PAGASA Planetarium

An educational facility in the Philippines seating 100, providing astronomical lectures.

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Mobile Planetarium

A traveling planetarium acquired in 1999 to promote astronomy in rural areas.

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Astronomy in Elementary Schools

Astronomy is part of the general science curriculum, given three hours per week in grades V and VI.

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Elective Astronomy Course

An elective subject in high school offered in one semester for first-year students.

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University Astronomy Offering 2002

The first university in the Philippines to offer an astronomy course in 2002 was the University of the Philippines.

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Master of Science in Astronomy

A graduate program offered by Rizal Technological University starting SY 2005-2006.

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Astronomy Technology Degree

A 5-year Bachelor of Science in Astronomy Technology offered by RTU starting SY 2007-2008.

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Astronomical Lectures

Educational talks about astronomy given mainly to students and teachers at the PAGASA Planetarium.

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OMM Origin

The OMM began as a private institution in 1865.

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Weather Bureau

The OMM became the Weather Bureau in 1901.

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Current Name

PAGASA is the current name of the observatory.

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1954 Observatory

A new observatory was constructed in 1954 at UP Campus.

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Planetarium Addition

The planetarium in PAGASA Science Garden opened in 1977.

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Astronomy Research

AsRDS, part of PAGASA, focuses on astronomy research.

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Telescopes Count

The observatory has seven small telescopes and more acquired in 1998.

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Regional Distribution

Four 25-cm telescopes were distributed to regional PAGASA stations.

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Apollo Missions

Space missions that brought back Moon rock samples to Earth in 1980s.

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Moon Rock Composition

Moon rocks are rich in silicates, poor in metals, resembling Earth's mantle.

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Giant Impact Theory

Theory suggesting the Moon formed from a giant collision between Earth and another planet-sized body.

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Conditions for Giant Impact

Early solar system conditions favored high-speed collisions among large bodies.

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Elliptical Orbits

Close passes of bodies turned circular orbits into elongated paths, increasing collision speed.

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Vaporization of Ejected Material

Material ejected from a giant impact became mostly vaporized, with few solids remaining.

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Formation of Earth and Its Moon

Material spun off during the impact could have re-accreted into Earth or formed the Moon.

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Volatile Materials Loss

During the impact, most volatile materials (like water) were lost to space.

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Helios

The ancient Greek god of the Sun, venerated by Greeks.

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Solar Physics

The scientific study of the Sun's properties and phenomena.

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Core

The central region of the Sun where nuclear fusion occurs.

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Photosphere

The visible surface of the Sun from which light is emitted.

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Convection Zone

The layer where heat is transported to the surface by convection.

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Gamma Rays

High-energy light produced in the Sun's core during fusion.

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Neutrinos

Subatomic particles that escape the Sun's core almost freely.

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Gravity vs. Pressure

On the Sun, gravity pulls inward while pressure pushes outward, balanced at its size.

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