Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the smallest living unit of structure and function in the body?
What is the smallest living unit of structure and function in the body?
How many organ systems are there in the human body?
How many organ systems are there in the human body?
What is an anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types?
What is an anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types?
What is the term for a flat surface, imaginary or real, that cuts through the body?
What is the term for a flat surface, imaginary or real, that cuts through the body?
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What is the term for a group of cells that work together to accomplish one or more specific functions?
What is the term for a group of cells that work together to accomplish one or more specific functions?
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What body plane divides the body vertically into front and back portions?
What body plane divides the body vertically into front and back portions?
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What is the purpose of anatomical directional terms?
What is the purpose of anatomical directional terms?
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What does the term 'medial' refer to in anatomy?
What does the term 'medial' refer to in anatomy?
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What is the primary focus of anatomy?
What is the primary focus of anatomy?
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What is the term for the study of structures that can be observed only with the use of a microscope or other magnification devices?
What is the term for the study of structures that can be observed only with the use of a microscope or other magnification devices?
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What is the scientific study of the chemistry and physics of the body's structures?
What is the scientific study of the chemistry and physics of the body's structures?
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What is the constructive process of converting simple substances into more complex substances?
What is the constructive process of converting simple substances into more complex substances?
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What is the process of maintaining a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment?
What is the process of maintaining a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment?
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What is the most basic level of organization in the human body?
What is the most basic level of organization in the human body?
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What is the study of the body's functions and processes that maintain life?
What is the study of the body's functions and processes that maintain life?
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What is the process of breaking down complex substances into simple substances?
What is the process of breaking down complex substances into simple substances?
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Study Notes
Anatomy vs Physiology
- Anatomy is the study of body structure
- Physiology is the study of how the body functions
Anatomy
- Has areas of specialization, with two main types: gross anatomy and micro anatomy
- Gross anatomy is the study of larger structures visible without magnification, also referred to as macroscopic anatomy
- Micro anatomy is the study of structures that can be observed only with the use of a microscope or other magnification devices
- Micro anatomy includes cytology, the study of cells, and histology, the study of tissues
Physiology
- The study of how the body functions
- Human physiology is the scientific study of the chemistry and physics of the body's structures and their functions
- The study of physiology centers on the body's tendency toward homeostasis, maintaining a stable internal environment despite external changes
- Homeostasis is achieved by controlling variables such as body temperature, blood pH, blood glucose levels, fluid balance, and ion concentrations
Metabolism
- The sum of all chemical and physical reactions to sustain life
- There are two primary processes of metabolism: catabolism and anabolism
- Catabolism is the destructive process of breaking down complex substances into simple substances
- Anabolism is the constructive process of converting simple substances into more complex substances
Levels of Organization
- Chemical level: the most basic level, comprising chemicals that make up the body
- Cellular level: the smallest living unit of structure and function, carrying out specific chemical reactions
- Tissue level: a group of cells working together to accomplish specific functions, e.g., connective tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue
- Organ level: a group of tissues arranged to accomplish specific functions, e.g., organs are anatomically distinct structures with two or more tissue types
- Organ system: a group of organs working together to perform major functions or meet physiological needs of the body
Organ Systems
- 11 systems: integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive, circulatory, and lymphatic
Body Planes
- Imaginary or real flat surfaces that cut through the body, revealing different views
- Four basic body planes: frontal, medial, sagittal, and transverse
- Frontal plane: divides the body vertically into front and back portions
- Medial plane: divides the body vertically into equal right and left portions
- Sagittal plane: divides the body vertically into right and left portions
- Transverse plane: divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions
Anatomical Directional Terms
- Used to describe the locations of structures in relation to other structures, like the directions on a compass rose of a map
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Description
Understand the fundamentals of anatomy and physiology, including the study of body structure and function, and the different areas of specialization in anatomy.
