Anatomy: Urinary System Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the urinary system also called?

  • Circulatory system
  • Respiratory system
  • Excretory system (correct)
  • Nervous system

    • What are the four main components of the urinary system?

  • Kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra, and adrenal gland
  • Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra (correct)
  • Kidneys, ureters, pancreas, and urethra
  • Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and liver

    • What is the function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

  • Only hormonal production
  • Only excretion of waste products
  • Only filtration of blood
  • Excretion of waste products, hormonal production, and regulatory functions (correct)

    • What is the approximate weight of a single kidney in adults?

    <p>150 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of tissue that covers the kidney?

    <p>Renal fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the renal pelvis?

    <p>Collecting space for urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the middle portion of the kidney?

    <p>Renal medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the apex of each renal pyramid?

    <p>Transportation and re-absorption of filter material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the smooth muscle layer in the wall of the bladder?

    <p>Detrusor muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of the male urethra?

    <p>17-20 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of urine?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of urine?

    <p>5.0-8.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum amount of urine excreted per day?

    <p>450 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of emptying the bladder?

    <p>Urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the renal cortex?

    <p>To eliminate waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?

    <p>Nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the renal artery?

    <p>To supply blood to the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the loop of Henle?

    <p>Tubular reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many liters of blood are filtered by the kidney every day?

    <p>1700 liter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ureter?

    <p>To transport urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate capacity of the urinary bladder?

    <p>300-400 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the rugae in the urinary bladder?

    <p>To permit expansion of the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Urinary System

    • The urinary system is also known as the excretory system, as it removes waste products from the blood and eliminates them from the body.
    • The urinary system consists of four main components: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

    Functions of the Urinary System

    • Excretion of waste products
    • Hormonal production (renin-angiotensin and erythropoietin)
    • Regulatory functions:
      • Artery blood pressure
      • Water and electrolytes balance
      • Acid-base balance

    Kidney

    • External anatomy:
      • Pair of reddish-brown, bean-shaped organs located in the posterior wall of the abdomen region
      • Approximately 12-cm long, 6-cm wide, and 2.5-cm thick in adults
      • One in each side of the vertebral column, capped by the adrenal gland
    • Covering and supporting layers:
      • Renal capsule: innermost, tough, fibrous layer
      • Adipose capsule: middle layer composed of fat, providing a protective cushion
      • Renal fascia: outer subserous membrane, connective tissue layer
    • Internal anatomy:
      • Sagittal section reveals three distinct regions: pelvis, medulla, and cortex
      • Renal pelvis: large collecting space within the kidney, formed from the expanded upper portion of the ureters
      • Renal medulla: middle portion of the kidney, consisting of 8-18 renal pyramids
      • Renal cortex: outermost portion of the kidney, divided into two regions: outer cortical and inner-juxta medullary region

    Nephron

    • The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney
    • Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons
    • Components of a nephron:
      • Renal corpuscle: consisting of Bowman's capsule and glomerular capillaries
      • Tubular system: consisting of proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting system

    Functions of the Kidney

    • Elimination of waste products
    • Regulation of total body water balance
    • Control of acid-base balance
    • Blood filtration: approximately 1700 liters of blood per day
    • Tubular reabsorption
    • Control of the chemical composition of the blood and other body fluids
    • Tubular secretion

    Ureter

    • Pair of narrow, thick-walled muscular tubes, each approximately 25-30 cm in length
    • Attach to each kidney and transport urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder
    • Layers of the ureter:
      • Tunica mucosa: innermost layer
      • Tunica muscularis: middle layer, composed of smooth muscle
      • Tunica Adventitia: outer layer

    Urinary Bladder

    • Hollow muscular organ that collects urine from the ureters and stores it
    • Located below the peritoneum and behind the pubic bones
    • Capacity: approximately 300-400 mL
    • Smooth muscle layer in the wall of the bladder: called the detrusor muscle

    Urethra

    • Tube of smooth muscle lined with a mucosal layer, joining the bladder at its inferior surface and transporting urine outside the body during urination
    • Female urethra: approximately 3-5 cm long
    • Male urethra: approximately 17-20 cm long, consisting of three segments:
      • Prostatic urethra: approximately 3-4 cm long, extending through the prostate gland
      • Membranous urethra: short segment, passing through the urogenital diaphragm
      • Spongy urethra: approximately 15 cm long

    Urine and Urination

    • Composition of urine varies depending on diet, exercise, water consumption, and other factors
    • Main components of urine: water, urea, chloride, potassium, sodium, creatinine, phosphate, sulfate, uric acid, protein, glucose, and casts
    • pH of urine: 5.0 to 8.0 (mostly acidic)
    • Volume and concentration of urine controlled by:
      • Antidiuretic hormone
      • Aldosterone
      • Threnin-angiotensin mechanism
    • Urination is controlled by the nervous system and is the process of emptying the bladder.

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    Description

    Learn about the urinary system, also known as the excretory system, and its functions including excretion, hormonal production, and regulation of blood pressure.

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