Questions and Answers
For which of the following groups is aspirin contraindicated?
What is Reye's syndrome known to affect?
What is the correct auxiliary label that should be placed on NSAID medication containers?
What side effect is associated with COX-2 inhibitors when used long term?
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Which lifestyle change can help prevent osteoporosis?
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What results from excessive thyroid hormones in the body?
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Which condition is characterized by a build-up of uric acid in the blood?
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Which of the following is a natural method to treat osteoporosis?
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What is the mechanism of action of neuromuscular blockers?
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Which drug classification is used to treat osteoporosis?
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What does the skeletal system primarily provide for the body?
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Which of the following components is NOT part of the musculoskeletal system?
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What is a known result of osteoarthritis?
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What is a common treatment option for osteoarthritis?
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Which classification does aspirin fall under when it comes to pain treatment?
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Study Notes
Skeletal and Musculoskeletal System
- Provides structural support for the body.
- Comprises muscles, tendons, ligaments, and bones.
Bone Structure and Function
- Bone marrow produces all blood cells.
- Stores calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P).
- Types of bone include compact bone and spongy bone.
Muscles
- Three muscle types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.
- Muscles aid in movement and coordination.
Joint Disease: Osteoarthritis
- Osteoarthritis results in loss of normal cushioning.
- Affects knees, hips, spine, hands, and feet.
- Non-curable, but degeneration can be slowed.
- Treatments include occupational therapy, exercise, weight loss, NSAIDs, and steroid injections.
Acetaminophen and Aspirin
- Misuse of acetaminophen can lead to liver failure.
- Aspirin is derived from the willow tree; first marketed by Bayer in 1899.
- Classifications of aspirin:
- Analgesic: treats pain.
- Antipyretic: reduces fever.
- Anti-inflammatory: reduces inflammation.
NSAIDs and COX Enzymes
- NSAIDs classified as analgesics and anti-inflammatories.
- COX-1 promotes platelet aggregation; COX-2 is involved in pain and inflammation.
- Side effects of COX-1 inhibitors include gastric ulceration and renal damage.
- COX-2 inhibitors may lead to hypertension and congestive heart failure.
Opioids and Pain Management
- Opioid analgesics change pain perception in the CNS and spinal cord.
- CII narcotic analgesics cause sedation and respiratory depression.
Osteoporosis
- A systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and increased fragility.
- More prevalent in postmenopausal women.
- Preventable through lifestyle changes, diet, smoking cessation, and supplementation with calcium and vitamin D.
Conditions Related to Musculoskeletal System
- Long-term corticosteroid use can promote osteoporosis.
- Gouty arthritis results from uric acid accumulation and often affects one joint.
- Natural treatments for osteoporosis: weight loss, reduced alcohol intake, and diets low in red meats.
- Drugs treating osteoporosis include colchicine, NSAIDs, and corticosteroids.
Muscle Relaxants and Neuromuscular Blockers
- Muscle relaxants are indicated for musculoskeletal injuries.
- Mechanism of action for neuromuscular blockers: induce paralysis by relaxing skeletal muscles.
- Types of neuromuscular blockers:
- Depolarizing: Succinylcholine (mimics acetylcholine).
- Non-depolarizing: Blocks receptor activation to prevent muscle impulses.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the skeletal and musculoskeletal systems, covering key concepts such as the structures, functions, and types of bones and muscles. Review essential information about what the skeletal system provides, the function of bone marrow, and different muscle types. Perfect for students wanting to solidify their understanding of anatomy.
