Anatomy Quiz: Right Coronary Artery
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the right coronary artery?

  • Supply blood to the right atrium and ventricle (correct)
  • Supply oxygenated blood to the left ventricle
  • Drain deoxygenated blood from the heart
  • Regulate heart rate through nerve connections

    • Which of the following branches is NOT typically given off by the right coronary artery?

  • Posterior interventricular artery
  • Right conus artery
  • Atrial branches
  • Left marginal artery (correct)

    • In which percentage of the population does the SAN artery arise from the right coronary artery?

  • 35%
  • 65% (correct)
  • 50%
  • 85%

    • What does the right marginal artery primarily supply?

    <p>Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the posterior interventricular artery typically supply blood?

    <p>Both ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure does the SAN artery primarily supply?

    <p>Sinoatrial node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical characteristic of the posterior ventricular branches of the right coronary artery?

    <p>Usually singular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical landmark does the right coronary artery pass between as it travels down the heart?

    <p>Pulmonary trunk and right auricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of hearts does the artery to the sinuatrial node arise from the circumflex artery?

    <p>35%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the majority of the left ventricle?

    <p>Circumflex artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a majority of hearts, which artery is primarily responsible for supplying the posterior interventricular artery?

    <p>Right coronary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region does the anterior septal branches generally supply?

    <p>Anterior two thirds of the septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the terminal branch of the circumflex artery in 20% of hearts?

    <p>Artery to the atrioventricular node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart is NOT supplied by the left coronary artery?

    <p>Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the small posterior septal rami?

    <p>Supply the posterior third of the septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery arises from the circumflex artery and supplies the left ventricle along its obtuse margin?

    <p>Left marginal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein is responsible for draining most areas supplied by the left coronary artery?

    <p>Left marginal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the middle cardiac vein terminate?

    <p>Coronary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the coronary sinus?

    <p>Return blood to the right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ventricle does the posterior vein of the left ventricle primarily drain?

    <p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which veins drain the anterior region of the right ventricle?

    <p>Anterior cardiac veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many anterior cardiac veins are typically present?

    <p>2-5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure sometimes receives the posterior vein of the left ventricle?

    <p>Coronary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common pattern of coronary artery dominance observed in the population?

    <p>Right dominant pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which percentage of individuals is there codominance between the right and left coronary arteries?

    <p>18%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coronary artery variant involves the posterior IV branch being a branch of the circumflex artery?

    <p>Left dominant pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main drainage channel of the heart?

    <p>Coronary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a tributary of the coronary sinus?

    <p>Left anterior descending vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the valve at the opening of the coronary sinus into the right atrium?

    <p>To prevent blood regurgitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately what percentage of hearts have anastomoses between the coronary arteries and thoracic vessels?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique variation is observed in approximately 4% of the population regarding coronary arteries?

    <p>Accessory coronary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery primarily supplies the AV node in 80% of individuals?

    <p>Right coronary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the anterior interventricular artery?

    <p>It is commonly described as a continuation of the left coronary artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart is primarily supplied by the right coronary artery?

    <p>The posterior third of the interventricular septum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the septal branches of the posterior interventricular artery play?

    <p>They anastomose with branches from the anterior interventricular artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is classified as the first septal branch of the PDA?

    <p>AV nodal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals have the left coronary artery arising from the left aortic sinus?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many anterior left ventricular branches typically arise from the anterior interventricular artery?

    <p>2 to 9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the posterior interventricular artery supply?

    <p>Posterior third of the interventricular septum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Right Coronary Artery (RCA)

    • Originates from the right aortic sinus, positioned between the pulmonary trunk and the right auricle.
    • Descends in the coronary sulcus and curves into the posterior portion towards the crux, giving rise to several branches.
    • Posterior interventricular artery (PDA) supplies the posterior interventricular sulcus and both ventricles.
    • Branches of RCA:
      • Right Conus Artery: Supplies the pulmonary trunk and upper right ventricle.
      • Atrial Branches: Vessels to the right atrium.
      • Sinoatrial Node (SAN) Artery: Originates from RCA (65%) or circumflex branch (35%); supplies the SAN and right atrium.
      • Anterior Ventricular Branches: Typically 2–3, supply the right ventricle towards the apex.
      • Right Marginal Artery: Larger branch supplying the right ventricle and apex of the heart.
      • Posterior Ventricular Branches: Usually 2, supply the diaphragmatic aspect of the right ventricle.
      • AV Nodal Artery: Arises from RCA (80%); provides supply to the atrioventricular node.

    Areas Supplied by Right Coronary Artery

    • Right atrium, most of the right ventricle, part of the left ventricle (diaphragmatic surface), posterior third of the interventricular septum, and the SAN (60%) and AV node (80%).

    Left Coronary Artery

    • Typically larger than RCA, supplies most of the left ventricle and atrium.
    • Originates from left aortic sinus, divides into anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery.

    Anterior Interventricular Artery (LAD)

    • Acts as the continuation of the left coronary artery, descends obliquely in the interventricular sulcus.
    • Branches of LAD:
      • Anterior Left Ventricular Branches: Supply left border of the heart.
      • Left Conus Artery: Anastomoses with the right coronary artery.
      • Anterior Septal Branches: Supply anterior two-thirds of the septum.
      • Posterior Septal Rami: Supply posterior third of septum.

    Circumflex Artery

    • Runs along the left border, curves into the posterior sulcus, and supplies regions of the left ventricle.
    • Branches of Circumflex Artery:
      • Left Marginal Artery: Supplies the obtuse margin of the left ventricle.
      • Anterior and Posterior Ventricular Branches: Supply parts of the left ventricle.
      • SAN Artery: Present in 35% of cases, supplies the left atrium and SAN.
      • AV Nodal Artery: Present in 20% of cases, may arise near the crux.

    Areas Supplied by Left Coronary Artery

    • Left atrium, most of the left ventricle, part of the right ventricle, anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum, and AV node (20%).

    Coronary Artery Dominance

    • Defined by which artery supplies the posterior interventricular artery (PDA).
    • Right dominance occurs in 67%, left dominance in 15%, and co-dominance in 18%.
    • Variations include possible single coronary artery or accessory coronary arteries in approx. 4%.

    Coronary Collateral Circulation

    • Although coronary arteries are considered end arteries, anastomoses exist between branches of the coronary arteries and thoracic vessels.

    Cardiac Veins

    • Drained primarily by veins that empty into the coronary sinus, excluding some anterior regions.
    • Coronary Sinus: Main venous channel, 2-3 cm long, drains into the right atrium.
    • Tributaries of Coronary Sinus:
      • Great Cardiac Vein: Drains areas supplied by the left coronary artery.
      • Middle Cardiac Vein: Drains the posterior interventricular area.
      • Small Cardiac Vein: Accompanies RCA and drains the right ventricle regions.
      • Posterior Vein of the Left Ventricle: Located on the diaphragmatic surface.
      • Oblique Vein of the Left Atrium: Joins near the end of the coronary sinus.

    Additional Notes

    • Anterior Cardiac Veins: Drain the anterior region of the right ventricle directly into the right atrium.
    • Small Cardiac Veins (Thebesius' veins): Open directly into all cardiac chambers, predominant in the right heart.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the right coronary artery (RCA). This quiz covers its origin, pathway, and important anatomical relationships. Ideal for students in the Anatomy and Embryology department.

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