Questions and Answers
Name 3 body systems related to movement.
Muscular, Skeletal, Nervous
Name 7 anatomical regions.
Upper Extremity, Lower Extremity, Trunk, Thorax, Abdomen, Back, Head, Neck
Describe anatomical position.
Erect position, forearms supinated, feet facing forward, arms at side.
Name 4 terms to describe structures relative to anatomical position.
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Describe 3 anatomical planes.
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Explain the concept of ‘Degrees of Freedom’.
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What is Flexion?
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What is Extension?
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What is Dorsiflexion?
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What is Plantar Flexion?
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What is Pronation?
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What is Supination?
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What is Eversion?
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What is Inversion?
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What is Abduction?
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What is Adduction?
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What is Lateral Rotation?
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What is Medial Rotation?
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What is Protraction?
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What is Retraction?
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Study Notes
Body Systems Related to Movement
- Muscular system enables movement through muscle contractions.
- Skeletal system provides structure and support, facilitating movement leverage.
- Nervous system controls and coordinates bodily movements via nerve signals.
Anatomical Regions
- Upper Extremities (UE) include arms and shoulders.
- Lower Extremities (LE) encompass legs and feet.
- Trunk consists of:
- Thorax, supporting the rib cage and organs.
- Abdomen, housing digestive organs.
- Back provides support and protection for the spine.
- Head contains the brain and sensory organs.
- Neck connects head to trunk.
Anatomical Position
- Body is in an erect position with the arms at the sides.
- Forearms are supinated, meaning palms face forward.
- Feet are aligned and facing forwards.
Terms Describing Structures Relative to Anatomical Position
- Dorsal refers to the back or posterior side of the body.
- Ventral indicates the front or anterior side.
- Medial describes a position closer to the midline of the body.
- Lateral points to a position farther from the midline.
Anatomical Planes
- Sagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves, allowing for flexion and extension.
- Frontal (coronal) plane splits the body into front and back portions, facilitating side-to-side movements such as abduction and adduction.
- Horizontal (transverse) plane separates the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) segments, enabling rotational movements.
Degrees of Freedom
- Represents the number of planes of motion permitted at a joint:
- Uniaxial allows movement in one plane (e.g., elbow, knee).
- Biaxial enables movement in two planes (e.g., knuckles for flexion/extension and abduction/adduction).
- Triaxial permits movement in three planes (e.g., shoulder and hip joints for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation).
Movement Demonstrations
- Flexion: Forward movement decreasing the angle (e.g., lifting a dumbbell).
- Extension: Backward movement increasing the angle (e.g., lowering a dumbbell).
- Dorsiflexion: Flexing the top of the foot towards the body.
- Plantar flexion: Pointing toes away from the body.
- Pronation: Palms facing down, often while lying on the stomach.
- Supination: Palms facing up, typically while lying on the back.
- Eversion: Sole of the foot turning outward (lateral movement).
- Inversion: Sole of the foot turning inward (medial movement).
- Abduction: Moving a limb away from the midline.
- Adduction: Moving a limb toward the midline.
- Lateral rotation: Rotating a limb away from the midline.
- Medial rotation: Rotating a limb towards the midline.
- Protraction: Moving a body part forward (e.g., jutting out jaw).
- Retraction: Moving a body part backward (e.g., pulling jaw in).
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Description
Test your knowledge of the body's systems related to movement and the anatomical regions involved. This quiz covers the functions of the muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems, as well as terminology used to describe body structures in anatomical position.
