Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which plane divides the body front and back?

  • Sagittal plane
  • Transverse plane
  • Coronal plane (correct)
  • Median plane

    • What is the term for moving a structure anteriorly?

  • Protraction (correct)
  • Elevation
  • Retraction
  • Depression

    • Which bones are included in the axial skeleton?

  • Skull, hyoid, vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, ribs, sternum (correct)
  • Clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
  • Ilium, ischium, pubis, femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals
  • None of the above

    • What is the function of spongy bone?

    <p>Contains many small spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the medullary cavity located?

    <p>Within the diaphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for decreasing the angle between bones?

    <p>Flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the movement of the forearm medially so that the palm faces down?

    <p>Pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the appendicular skeleton?

    <p>Allowance for muscle attachment and passageway for nerves and blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is cuboidal in shape?

    <p>Short bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for moving the sole of the foot away from the midline?

    <p>Eversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines clinically orientated anatomy?

    <p>The study of human structure and function as it relates to the practice of medicine and other health sciences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of surface anatomy?

    <p>The visualization of structures that lie beneath the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a category of systemic anatomy?

    <p>Palpation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the musculoskeletal category of systemic anatomy include?

    <p>Bones and cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of systemic anatomy focuses on the study of the heart and blood vessels?

    <p>Circulatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical position?

    <p>Standing up, eyes forward, feet together, arms by the sides, palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the sagittal plane divide the body into?

    <p>Left and right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'palpation' refer to?

    <p>Using touch to form clinical impressions, such as assessing pulses, reflexes, muscle contraction, and muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'gross anatomy' refer to?

    <p>The study of anatomy at the macroscopic level (what is visible to the naked eye)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of systemic anatomy includes the study of the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Nervous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are responsible for the breakdown of bones by the process of bone resorption?

    <p>Osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of osteoid, the protein mixture created by osteoblasts?

    <p>Type I collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are osteocytes located within the bone?

    <p>In the lacunae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells give rise to white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets?

    <p>Hematopoietic stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vascular supply of bone?

    <p>10% of cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the blood oxygen tension in bone marrow, compared to arterial blood?

    <p>6.6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of osteoblasts?

    <p>Creation and mineralization of bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is red marrow mostly found in adults?

    <p>In the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which type of cells are osteoclasts derived?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of osteocytes in bone?

    <p>Communication between bone cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is involved in the resorption of bone tissue?

    <p>Cortical bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of osteoblasts?

    <p>Formation and mineralization of bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the organic component of bone tissue mainly composed of?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone in the human body is the largest?

    <p>Femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bone marrow?

    <p>Production of red and white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones are present in the human body at birth?

    <p>Approximately 300</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals?

    <p>Bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inorganic component of bone tissue made up of?

    <p>Various salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is the smallest in the human body?

    <p>Stapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the honeycomb-like matrix internally present in bone tissue called?

    <p>Ossein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone accounts for 80% of the total bone mass of an adult human skeleton?

    <p>Cortical bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary anatomical and functional unit of cancellous bone?

    <p>Trabecula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary anatomical and functional unit of cortical bone?

    <p>Osteon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is weaker and more flexible due to its higher surface-area-to-volume ratio?

    <p>Cancellous bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is cancellous bone typically found in the skeletal system?

    <p>At the ends of long bones, near joints, and in the interior of vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cortical bone?

    <p>To support the whole body, protect organs, provide levers for movement, and store and release chemical elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cancellous bone?

    <p>To facilitate metabolic activities and exchange of calcium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of bone matrix?

    <p>90 to 95% elastic collagen fibers and the remainder is ground substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives bones their rigidity?

    <p>Mineralization through the binding of inorganic mineral salt, calcium phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the specialized bone cells responsible for the construction and remodeling of bone throughout life?

    <p>Osteoblasts and osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone tissue is hard and has a honeycomb-like matrix internally?

    <p>Cortical bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of bone breakdown by osteoclasts?

    <p>Osteolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of osteoblasts?

    <p>Bone formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of bone tissue?

    <p>Epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones are present in the human body at birth?

    <p>300</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest bone in the human body?

    <p>Stapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals?

    <p>Bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of spongy bone?

    <p>Produce red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of anatomy includes the study of the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Neuroanatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of osteoid, the protein mixture created by osteoblasts?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are responsible for the breakdown of bones by the process of bone resorption?

    <p>Osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of osteoblasts?

    <p>Formation and mineralization of bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which type of cells are osteoclasts derived?

    <p>Hematopoietic stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are osteocytes located within the bone?

    <p>In the lacunae within the mineralized collagen matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cancellous bone?

    <p>Blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the organic component of bone tissue mainly composed of?

    <p>Type I collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vascular supply of bone?

    <p>Arterial blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the breakdown of bone tissue by osteoclasts?

    <p>Bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of the forearm medially so that the palm faces down?

    <p>Pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for moving a structure anteriorly?

    <p>Protraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is responsible for supporting the whole body, protecting organs, providing levers for movement, and storing and releasing chemical elements, mainly calcium?

    <p>Cortical bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone has a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio, making it weaker and more flexible?

    <p>Cancellous bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary anatomical and functional unit of cortical bone?

    <p>Osteon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is cancellous bone typically found in the skeletal system?

    <p>At the ends of long bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary anatomical and functional unit of cancellous bone?

    <p>Trabecula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bone marrow?

    <p>Hematopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fatty/yellow fraction of bone marrow that increases in quantity as a child ages?

    <p>Marrow adipose tissue (MAT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of bone matrix?

    <p>Elastic collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specialized bone cells are responsible for the construction and remodeling of bone throughout life?

    <p>Osteoblasts and osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives bones their rigidity?

    <p>Mineralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone cell destroys the bone using enzymes?

    <p>Osteoclast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of osteocytes?

    <p>To maintain the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone cell is found in flat bones?

    <p>Osteoclast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason osteoclasts are used?

    <p>To repair bones after a break</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do osteoblasts retract after the bone is completely ossified?

    <p>Calcium phosphate secreting tendrils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the tiny canals in the bony matrix known as?

    <p>Canaliculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of osteoblasts?

    <p>To secrete calcium phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bone cell that is responsible for the general maintenance of the bone?

    <p>Osteocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bone cell that destroys the bone using enzymes?

    <p>Osteoclast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of osteoclasts?

    <p>To destroy the bone using enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones are considered flat bones?

    <p>Occipital, parietal, frontal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone marrow is found in flat bones?

    <p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of flat bones?

    <p>Both extensive protection and muscular attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of flat bones?

    <p>Two thin layers of compact bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the hardened matrix that forms the body of a flat bone?

    <p>Bony matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most red blood cells formed in adults?

    <p>Flat bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for the spaces filled with air between the two tables of the skull?

    <p>Paranasal sinuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial process of bone formation in flat bones called?

    <p>Ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for the undifferentiated connective tissue that holds the area where a flat bone is to come?

    <p>Fontanelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone marrow is found in flat bones?

    <p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

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