Anatomy Prefixes and Nervous System Function

Questions and Answers

The prefix ____________ means spider.

arachn-

The prefix __________ means brain or cerebrum.

cerebr-

The prefix __________ means head.

cephal-

The prefix ___________ means body.

somato- Signup and view all the answers

The ____________ division of the nervous system controls skeletal muscle.

somatic motor Signup and view all the answers

The meningeal layer resembling spider legs is the _______________.

arachnoid mater Signup and view all the answers

Bleeding in the brain, known as a stroke, is more accurately called ______________________.

cerebrovascular accident Signup and view all the answers

Evolutionary development of a head and brain containing neural and sensory organs is a process called _____________.

cephalization Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest danger associated with a blood clot that's lodged in a cerebral artery?

Lack of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Why would imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) be recommended for a patient experiencing sudden aphasia?

To rule out other causes of brain injury Signup and view all the answers

What part of the spinal cord represents an increase in cell body mass for upper limb control?

cervical enlargement Signup and view all the answers

How do tracts and nerves differ? How do nuclei and ganglia differ?

Tracts and nuclei are in the CNS; nerves and ganglia are in the PNS. Signup and view all the answers

The prefix _______ means light.

photo- Signup and view all the answers

The prefix _________ means skull.

crani- Signup and view all the answers

The prefix _________ means meninges.

mening- Signup and view all the answers

The prefix _____ means chemical.

chem- Signup and view all the answers

Nerves that emerge from the base of the brain and pass through the skull are _______ nerves.

cranial Signup and view all the answers

Receptors that respond to light are _____________.

photoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

The part of a spinal nerve that innervates the meninges is the ____________.

meningeal branch Signup and view all the answers

The senses of taste and smell use ______________ to detect and process taste and smell information.

chemoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

Severe whiplash, or acceleration flexion-extension neck injury, may cause numbness, tingling, or weakness in an accident victim's arms. Most injuries happen in the C_5 and C_6 region. Which nerve plexus would this injury most likely involve?

Brachial Signup and view all the answers

A Morton's (plantar) neuroma is a foot condition due to swelling of the common plantar digital nerve. It can cause excruciating pain felt between the third and fourth metatarsal bones when walking. Which of the following would NOT be a factor responsible for this disorder?

Nerve thinning Signup and view all the answers

Which of these receptor types functions as an exteroceptor?

All of the listed responses are correct. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the receptor types shown here functions exclusively as a proprioceptor?

B Signup and view all the answers

Which of the receptor types contributes to the sense of touch by responding to light pressure?

E Signup and view all the answers

__________ are receptors that can respond to painful stimuli.

Nociceptors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT used to classify sensory receptors?

The number of dendritic endings present Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Phasic receptors adapt quickly to a stimulus. For that reason, they are good at detecting changes instead of constantly signaling the CNS.

True Signup and view all the answers

In order for you to realize there has been a sensory change, it has to reach the __________ level of processing.

perceptual Signup and view all the answers

__________ MOSTLY do NOT exhibit the property of adaptation.

Tonic receptors Signup and view all the answers

Complete the Concept Map to classify general sensory receptors by structure, stimulus detected, and body location.

Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stimulus would activate nociceptors of the skin?

Extreme cold Signup and view all the answers

Which body locations typically lack proprioceptors?

Skin surface Signup and view all the answers

What is a difference between tactile (Meissner's) corpuscles and tactile (Merkel) discs?

Unlike Merkel discs, Meissner's corpuscles are surrounded (encapsulated) by connective tissue and Schwann cells. Signup and view all the answers

How do proprioceptors help maintain body homeostasis?

Proprioceptors help prevent excessive stretching at the joints. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT correct concerning nerves?

Nerves are collections of axons of either sensory or motor neurons but not both. Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of a nerve plexus?

Damage to one single branch of a plexus does not necessarily disrupt all motor information sent to a region. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT required for a reflex arc?

Interneurons Signup and view all the answers

Classify the neuron at A.

Afferent sensory neuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific function of the structure labeled F?

Determine amount of muscle stretching Signup and view all the answers

What reaction would occur if the muscle labeled E were suddenly pulled longer?

The contraction of muscle E Signup and view all the answers

The synapse between which of the following two neurons is a part of a monosynaptic reflex arc?

A and B Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of reflex represented by the pathway that includes A, D, and C?

Reciprocal inhibition Signup and view all the answers

The letter E would represent which of the following muscles during the knee-jerk reflex?

Rectus femoris Signup and view all the answers

The knee-jerk reflex is an example of a __________.

Stretch reflex Signup and view all the answers

Select the true statements (more than one) about the characteristics of sensory neurons in the stretch reflex.

Signup and view all the answers

Which is the true statement about the synapses in the spinal cord in the stretch reflex?

Interneurons make inhibitory synapses with neurons that prevent contraction of the antagonist muscle. Signup and view all the answers

Examine the cross section through the lumbar section of the spinal cord and the two patellar reflex pathways shown. Select the true statements (more than one) that identify these synapses.

Afferent impulses synapse with motor neurons and interneurons. Signup and view all the answers

Examine and characterize the two motor pathways in the stretch patellar reflex.

Alpha motor neurons send efferent messages to the quadriceps, while parallel efferent messages to the hamstrings are reduced. Signup and view all the answers

Order the following terms as they would occur in a typical stretch reflex.

Signup and view all the answers

A patient sustains a ventral horn injury to the lumbar region of the spine. This injury has damaged the cell bodies of several afferent nerves within the region. Predict how the patient's patellar reflex might be affected.

The patient's patellar reflex would be absent or weak. Signup and view all the answers

True or False: The sensory division of the PNS is also known as the efferent division.

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

arachn- means spider (e.g., arachnoid mater).
cerebr- refers to brain or cerebrum (e.g., cerebrovascular accident).
cephal- denotes head (e.g., cephalization).
somato- pertains to body (e.g., somatic motor).
photo- signifies light (e.g., photoreceptor).
crani- means skull.
mening- indicates meninges.
chem- relates to chemical.

Nervous System Functions and Divisions

The somatic motor division controls skeletal muscle.
The arachnoid mater is a meningeal layer resembling spider legs.
A cerebrovascular accident is the medical term for a stroke.
Cephalization is the evolutionary development of a head and brain with neural and sensory organs.

Spinal Cord and Reflexes

The cervical enlargement is the spinal cord region with increased cell body mass for upper limb control.
Tracts and nuclei are found in the CNS; nerves and ganglia are found in the PNS.
Cranial nerves emerge from the base of the brain and pass through the skull.
Nociceptors are receptors that respond to painful stimuli; they help maintain homeostasis by preventing excessive stretching.
Reflex arcs do not require interneurons for their basic functioning.

Sensory Receptors

Photoreceptors detect light, while chemoreceptors process taste and smell information.
Meissner's corpuscles are encapsulated mechanoreceptors that detect light touch, while Merkel discs are not encapsulated.
Tonic receptors do not exhibit the property of adaptation, in contrast to phasic receptors which adapt quickly to stimuli.
Afferent sensory neurons transmit impulses towards the spinal cord.

Reflex Pathways and Responses

The stretch reflex involves a monosynaptic reflex arc between the sensory neuron and motor neuron.
In the patellar reflex, alpha motor neurons send efferent messages to the quadriceps, with reduced signals to the hamstrings.
Following injury to the ventral horn of the spinal cord, the patellar reflex may be absent or weak due to damage to afferent nerves.
True or false: The sensory division of the PNS is known as the efferent division - this statement is false.

Additional Important Points

Severe whiplash can cause injuries typically affecting the brachial plexus.
A Morton's neuroma is characterized by swelling of the common plantar digital nerve, with nerve thinning as a non-contributory factor.
Imaging studies, such as CT or MRI, may be advised to rule out brain injuries in patients experiencing sudden aphasia.

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Description

This quiz tests your knowledge on prefixes related to anatomy and the functions of the nervous system. You will cover important terms such as 'somatic motor division' and 'cerebrovascular accident.' Prepare to enhance your understanding of how these concepts are interconnected.

Anatomy Prefixes and Nervous System Function

Questions and Answers

The prefix ____________ means spider.

The prefix __________ means brain or cerebrum.

The prefix __________ means head.

The prefix ___________ means body.

The ____________ division of the nervous system controls skeletal muscle.

The meningeal layer resembling spider legs is the _______________.

Bleeding in the brain, known as a stroke, is more accurately called ______________________.

Evolutionary development of a head and brain containing neural and sensory organs is a process called _____________.

What is the largest danger associated with a blood clot that's lodged in a cerebral artery?

Why would imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) be recommended for a patient experiencing sudden aphasia?

What part of the spinal cord represents an increase in cell body mass for upper limb control?

How do tracts and nerves differ? How do nuclei and ganglia differ?

The prefix _______ means light.

The prefix _________ means skull.

The prefix _________ means meninges.

The prefix _____ means chemical.

Nerves that emerge from the base of the brain and pass through the skull are _______ nerves.

Receptors that respond to light are _____________.

The part of a spinal nerve that innervates the meninges is the ____________.

The senses of taste and smell use ______________ to detect and process taste and smell information.

Severe whiplash, or acceleration flexion-extension neck injury, may cause numbness, tingling, or weakness in an accident victim's arms. Most injuries happen in the C_5 and C_6 region. Which nerve plexus would this injury most likely involve?

A Morton's (plantar) neuroma is a foot condition due to swelling of the common plantar digital nerve. It can cause excruciating pain felt between the third and fourth metatarsal bones when walking. Which of the following would NOT be a factor responsible for this disorder?

Which of these receptor types functions as an exteroceptor?

Which of the receptor types shown here functions exclusively as a proprioceptor?

Which of the receptor types contributes to the sense of touch by responding to light pressure?

__________ are receptors that can respond to painful stimuli.

Which of the following is NOT used to classify sensory receptors?

True or False: Phasic receptors adapt quickly to a stimulus. For that reason, they are good at detecting changes instead of constantly signaling the CNS.

In order for you to realize there has been a sensory change, it has to reach the __________ level of processing.

__________ MOSTLY do NOT exhibit the property of adaptation.

Complete the Concept Map to classify general sensory receptors by structure, stimulus detected, and body location.

Which type of stimulus would activate nociceptors of the skin?

Which body locations typically lack proprioceptors?

What is a difference between tactile (Meissner's) corpuscles and tactile (Merkel) discs?

How do proprioceptors help maintain body homeostasis?

Which of the following is NOT correct concerning nerves?

What is a benefit of a nerve plexus?

Which of the following is NOT required for a reflex arc?

Classify the neuron at A.

What is the specific function of the structure labeled F?

What reaction would occur if the muscle labeled E were suddenly pulled longer?

The synapse between which of the following two neurons is a part of a monosynaptic reflex arc?

What is the type of reflex represented by the pathway that includes A, D, and C?

The letter E would represent which of the following muscles during the knee-jerk reflex?

The knee-jerk reflex is an example of a __________.

Select the true statements (more than one) about the characteristics of sensory neurons in the stretch reflex.

Which is the true statement about the synapses in the spinal cord in the stretch reflex?

Examine the cross section through the lumbar section of the spinal cord and the two patellar reflex pathways shown. Select the true statements (more than one) that identify these synapses.

Examine and characterize the two motor pathways in the stretch patellar reflex.

Order the following terms as they would occur in a typical stretch reflex.

A patient sustains a ventral horn injury to the lumbar region of the spine. This injury has damaged the cell bodies of several afferent nerves within the region. Predict how the patient's patellar reflex might be affected.

True or False: The sensory division of the PNS is also known as the efferent division.

Study Notes

Prefixes Related to Anatomy

Nervous System Functions and Divisions

Spinal Cord and Reflexes

Sensory Receptors

Reflex Pathways and Responses

Additional Important Points

Studying That Suits You

Description

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