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Anatomy & Physiology: Acid-Base Balance Regulation Quiz

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Anatomy & Physiology: Acid-Base Balance Regulation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

In which mode are dialyzers typically operated today?

Diffusion mode

Countercurrent flow mode (correct)

Constant concentration gradient mode

Cocurrent flow mode

What is the impact of cocurrent flow mode on the clearance of smaller molecules?

Decreases clearance by 10% (correct)

Increases clearance by 10%

Maintains constant clearance

Clearance remains unchanged

What is the Sieving coefficient for larger molecules in exemplary dialyzers?

59%

Constant

Not mentioned in the text

10% (correct)

What does the sieving coefficient (S) represent?

The ratio of concentration in filtrate to concentration in plasma Signup and view all the answers

What is the fractional excretion (FE) defined as?

The percentage of a substance's matter flow in the final urine compared to the matter flow in the primary urine Signup and view all the answers

What does renal blood flow (RBF) represent?

Blood flow through the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cells in the proximal tubule in relation to the acid-base balance?

Reabsorbing bicarbonate (HCO3-) and excreting H+ protons Signup and view all the answers

How does the kidney regulate the balance in case of alkalosis?

By decreasing the reabsorption of bicarbonate and increasing the excretion of bicarbonate Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lungs in regulating the acid-base balance?

Excreting CO2 generated by cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of renal blood flow (RBF) in relation to kidney parameters?

Maintaining glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dialyzer Operation

Dialyzers are typically operated in countercurrent flow mode today.

Clearance of Small Molecules

Cocurrent flow mode decreases the clearance of smaller molecules.

Sieving Coefficient

The sieving coefficient (S) represents the ability of a dialyzer to remove molecules of a specific size.
For larger molecules, the sieving coefficient (S) is typically lower in exemplary dialyzers.

Renal Function

Renal blood flow (RBF) represents the amount of blood that flows through the kidneys.
Primary function of RBF is to regulate kidney parameters such as filtration rate and waste removal.

Acid-Base Balance

Cells in the proximal tubule play a crucial role in maintaining acid-base balance by reabsorbing bicarbonate and eliminating hydrogen ions.
In cases of alkalosis, the kidney regulates the balance by increasing hydrogen ion excretion and decreasing bicarbonate reabsorption.

Respiratory Regulation

Lungs play a vital role in regulating the acid-base balance by removing carbon dioxide through exhalation, which helps to reduce hydrogen ion concentration in the blood.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the regulatory effect on the acid-base balance, focusing on the role of the lungs and kidneys in managing CO2 and bicarbonate levels. Understand the processes of CO2 generation, excretion by the lungs, and H+ excretion and HCO3- reabsorption by the kidneys.