Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of ligaments in the skeletal system?
What is the primary function of ligaments in the skeletal system?
- Provide support and stability to joints (correct)
- Assist in blood supply to bones
- Connect cartilage to muscle
- Enable muscle movement
Which structure is specifically referred to as the growth plate in long bones?
Which structure is specifically referred to as the growth plate in long bones?
- Metaphysis (correct)
- Diaphysis
- Periosteum
- Epiphysis
What type of bone is known for its hardness and density, forming the outer shell of bones?
What type of bone is known for its hardness and density, forming the outer shell of bones?
- Cancellous bone
- Periosteum
- Cortical bone (correct)
- Cartilage
What instrumentation is required to strip the periosteal layer from a bone during fracture repair?
What instrumentation is required to strip the periosteal layer from a bone during fracture repair?
Which muscles make up the rotator cuff in the shoulder?
Which muscles make up the rotator cuff in the shoulder?
In which part of the long bone is cancellous bone primarily located?
In which part of the long bone is cancellous bone primarily located?
Which of the following accurately describes tendons?
Which of the following accurately describes tendons?
What is the primary purpose of the synovial membrane in joints?
What is the primary purpose of the synovial membrane in joints?
What is the primary purpose of a bone graft?
What is the primary purpose of a bone graft?
Which type of bone graft is harvested from the patient's own body?
Which type of bone graft is harvested from the patient's own body?
What is the primary advantage of Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)?
What is the primary advantage of Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of Closed Reduction?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of Closed Reduction?
What type of graft is characterized as hard dense bone that requires stabilization?
What type of graft is characterized as hard dense bone that requires stabilization?
Which surgical intervention involves rigid fixation without opening the fracture site?
Which surgical intervention involves rigid fixation without opening the fracture site?
What is a common complication that can arise from an Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)?
What is a common complication that can arise from an Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)?
Which surgical count is mentioned as relevant in perioperative nursing considerations?
Which surgical count is mentioned as relevant in perioperative nursing considerations?
What is a significant aspect of fracture surgery aimed at preserving patient mobility?
What is a significant aspect of fracture surgery aimed at preserving patient mobility?
Which instrument is specifically used for cancellous bone grafts?
Which instrument is specifically used for cancellous bone grafts?
Which bones comprise the acetabulum to connect with the femoral head?
Which bones comprise the acetabulum to connect with the femoral head?
What are the components of the knee joint?
What are the components of the knee joint?
What is the role of the Greater Trochanter?
What is the role of the Greater Trochanter?
What are the types of bones found in the foot?
What are the types of bones found in the foot?
Which of the following is true about the tourniquet?
Which of the following is true about the tourniquet?
Which types of instruments are included in power surgical instruments?
Which types of instruments are included in power surgical instruments?
What should be ensured when handing over pneumatic tools to the surgeon?
What should be ensured when handing over pneumatic tools to the surgeon?
What is used to fixate an implant system during surgery?
What is used to fixate an implant system during surgery?
How many cervical vertebrae are present in the spine?
How many cervical vertebrae are present in the spine?
What type of imaging is provided by the C-Arm during surgical procedures?
What type of imaging is provided by the C-Arm during surgical procedures?
What is the most common type of graft used in anterior cruciate ligament repair?
What is the most common type of graft used in anterior cruciate ligament repair?
What is the primary goal of total knee arthroplasty (TKA)?
What is the primary goal of total knee arthroplasty (TKA)?
Which surgical fixation method is typically used for intertrochanteric fractures?
Which surgical fixation method is typically used for intertrochanteric fractures?
What is the risk associated with femoral neck fractures in elderly women?
What is the risk associated with femoral neck fractures in elderly women?
Which prosthetic design reduces friction in total hip arthroplasty?
Which prosthetic design reduces friction in total hip arthroplasty?
Which type of screw is often used in conjunction with the ASIF/AO Plating System for long bone fractures?
Which type of screw is often used in conjunction with the ASIF/AO Plating System for long bone fractures?
What is the advantage of using intramedullary rods or nails for fixing long bone fractures?
What is the advantage of using intramedullary rods or nails for fixing long bone fractures?
When fixing a bone, which step is performed directly after tapping the hole?
When fixing a bone, which step is performed directly after tapping the hole?
Which of the following instruments is NOT included in the basic setup for the ASIF/AO Plating System?
Which of the following instruments is NOT included in the basic setup for the ASIF/AO Plating System?
What is the primary goal when treating a meniscal tear?
What is the primary goal when treating a meniscal tear?
What type of fracture is the Gamma Nail primarily used for?
What type of fracture is the Gamma Nail primarily used for?
Which surgical method is considered least invasive for diagnosing knee conditions?
Which surgical method is considered least invasive for diagnosing knee conditions?
What is the purpose of using normal saline during an arthroscopy procedure?
What is the purpose of using normal saline during an arthroscopy procedure?
Which technique is applied first when fixing a bone after stabilizing the fracture?
Which technique is applied first when fixing a bone after stabilizing the fracture?
Which tool is utilized to create a stable canal for the screw in bone fixation?
Which tool is utilized to create a stable canal for the screw in bone fixation?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Anatomy Overview
- The skeletal system consists of 206 bones, supporting soft tissues and enabling locomotion.
- Muscles cover bones and provide movement; ligaments connect bone to bone for joint stability; tendons transmit forces from muscles to bones.
- Cartilage forms an elastic tissue layer at bones' ends for support and stability; joints are articulations connecting bones.
Long Bones Structure
- Diaphysis: Shaft and center of long bone.
- Epiphysis: Ends of long bone containing cancellous bone.
- Metaphysis: Connects epiphysis with diaphysis, contains the epiphyseal (growth) plate.
Functional Anatomy
- Periosteum: Connective tissue covering bones, allows for regeneration after being stripped via periosteal elevators.
- Cortical Bone: Hard and dense, forming the outer shell; cancellous bone: soft, spongy tissue located at the ends of long bones and contains bone marrow.
Joint Anatomy
- Shoulder: Ball and socket joint with a rotator cuff comprised of four muscles.
- Hip: Ball and socket joint formed by the acetabulum (comprised of ilium, pubis, and ischium) and femoral head.
- Knee: Hinge joint supported by collateral ligaments (MCL and LCL), menisci (medial and lateral), and cruciate ligaments (anterior and posterior).
Lower Extremity Anatomy
- Foot: Hinge joint formed by the tibia and fibula; consists of tarsal (7), metatarsal (5), and phalangeal (14) bones.
- Spine: Comprised of 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar vertebrae, plus fused sacrum and coccyx.
Surgical Equipment
- Operating Room Table: Specific tables for spinal and fracture surgeries.
- Power Surgical Instruments: Includes drills and saws, with pneumatic options common.
- Radiography: Utilizes C-arms for fluoroscopy; protective lead must be worn.
- Tourniquets: Create a bloodless surgical field for better visualization.
Bone Grafting
- Autografts: Harvested from the patient; allografts: sourced from a tissue bank.
- Cancellous Grafts: Spongy and vascular, promote healing; cortical grafts: dense and require stabilization with hardware.
Fracture Management
- Types of surgeries include closed reduction, external fixation, and Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF).
- Closed reduction involves manipulation without incision, often using casts; external fixation maintains bone stability while avoiding soft tissue disruption; ORIF provides direct visualization and fixation.
Fixation Methods
- Common fixation devices include pins, screws (cannulated and non-cannulated), plates, rods, and nails.
- Prevention of infection and promotion of early mobilization are vital in fracture management.
Total Joint Arthroplasty
- Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA): Aimed to replace worn surfaces due to arthritis, with fixation options including cemented, uncemented, or hybrid methods.
- Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA): Addressing femoral neck fractures often requires prosthetic replacement, which may be unipolar or bipolar.
Surgical Procedures
- Knee surgeries often address meniscal tears and ACL repairs with arthroscopy; TKA focuses on maintaining normal joint motion.
- Hip surgeries may involve fixing various types of femoral neck fractures, requiring appropriate fixation techniques to ensure healing.
Medications and Safety Precautions
- Bone wax is used for hemostasis; bacitracin aids irrigation for contaminated bone.
- Safety protocols for equipment involve ensuring instruments function properly and using antibiotics appropriately to prevent infection.
Principles of Patient Care
- PPE essential: face shield, gloves, and gowns.
- Surgical counts and proper draping techniques are critical in maintaining sterility and instrument handling.
Summary of Surgical Goals
- Aim to restore anatomical function, fix fractures securely for healing, preserve blood supply, and facilitate early patient mobilization for rehabilitation.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
