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Questions and Answers
What is the anterior boundary of the anal triangle?
What is the anterior boundary of the anal triangle?
What is the posterior boundary of the anal triangle?
What is the posterior boundary of the anal triangle?
What is the lateral boundary of the anal triangle?
What is the lateral boundary of the anal triangle?
What structure is found in the urogenital triangle?
What structure is found in the urogenital triangle?
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What structure is found in the center of the anal triangle?
What structure is found in the center of the anal triangle?
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What structure is found on each side of the anal triangle?
What structure is found on each side of the anal triangle?
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What are the anterior boundaries of the perineum?
What are the anterior boundaries of the perineum?
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Which structure marks the posterior boundary of the perineum?
Which structure marks the posterior boundary of the perineum?
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What defines the lateral boundaries of the perineum?
What defines the lateral boundaries of the perineum?
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The urogenital triangle is bounded anteriorly by which structures?
The urogenital triangle is bounded anteriorly by which structures?
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What forms the posterior border of the urogenital triangle?
What forms the posterior border of the urogenital triangle?
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Which structure demarcates the anal triangle?
Which structure demarcates the anal triangle?
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What structure separates the urogenital triangle from the anal triangle?
What structure separates the urogenital triangle from the anal triangle?
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Which of the following structures is perforated by the urethra in males and by the urethra and vagina in females?
Which of the following structures is perforated by the urethra in males and by the urethra and vagina in females?
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Which of the following muscles attaches to the perineal body?
Which of the following muscles attaches to the perineal body?
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What structure forms the lateral boundaries of the urogenital triangle?
What structure forms the lateral boundaries of the urogenital triangle?
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Which of the following structures is located superficially in the urogenital triangle in males?
Which of the following structures is located superficially in the urogenital triangle in males?
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Which of the following structures is located superficially in the urogenital triangle in females?
Which of the following structures is located superficially in the urogenital triangle in females?
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Study Notes
Urogenital Triangle
- Presents penis and scrotum in males and external genitalia, and orifices of urethra and vagina in females.
- Contains superficial and deep perineal pouches.
- Components include perineal membrane, superficial and deep perineal pouches, external genitalia, and openings of urethra and vagina.
Perineal Body
- Fibromuscular tissue located at the junction between the urogenital triangle and anal triangle.
- In front of the anal canal (between the vagina and anal canal in females).
- Multiple muscles attach to it, including superficial and deep transverse perineal, bulbospongiosus, external anal sphincter, levator ani, and longitudinal coat of the anal canal.
Perineal Membrane
- Thin, tough fascia that encloses the urogenital triangle and provides a foundation for attachment of erectile bodies of the external genitalia.
- Laterally attaches to ischiopubic rami and its posterior margin fuses with the perineal body.
- Perforated by the urethra in males and by the urethra and vagina in females.
Urethral Sphincters
- Layers of the perineum from deep to superficial:
- Floor of the pelvic cavity = roof of the perineum
- Deep transverse perineal muscle, external urethral sphincter in the deep perineal pouch
- Perineal membrane enclosing the urogenital triangle, leaving openings for the urethra (and vagina in females)
Perineal Pouches
- Deep perineal pouch:
- Contains deep transverse perineal muscle and external urethral sphincter
- Superficial perineal pouch:
- Contains superficial transverse perineal muscle and erectile tissues
Anal Triangle
- Definition: borders anterior - horizontal plane between ischial tuberosities, posterior - coccyx, inferior/lateral - sacrotuberous ligaments
- Contents:
- Anal canal (in the center)
- Ischiorectal fossae (on each side)
- Pudendal canal and its neurovascular bundle
- Skin is innervated by inferior rectal nerve (S2-4) and direct perineal branches off S4
Ischioanal Fossa
- Two fossae that communicate posterior to the anal canal (posterior recesses)
- Above the urogenital diaphragm, extending forward as (anterior recesses)
Pudendal Canal and Pudendal Nerve
- Pudendal canal is located in the lateral wall of the ischiorectal fossa, from the lesser sciatic foramen to the deep perineal pouch.
- Contains:
- Pudendal nerve (branches into dorsal nerve of penis and perineal nerve)
- Internal pudendal vessels
- Pudendal nerve:
- Origin: S2-S4
- Main nerve of the perineum
- Sensory from external genitalia and anus
- Afferent component of erection and motor to external urethral and external anal sphincters, levator ani, bulbospongiosus, and ischiocavernous mm
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Description
Learn about the anatomy of the urogenital triangle as described in Vishram Singh's 'Textbook of Anatomy: Upper Limb and Thorax'. Explore the components such as the perineal membrane, superficial and deep perineal pouches, external genitalia, and openings of the urethra and vagina.
