Podcast
Questions and Answers
What anatomical structure separates the perineum from the pelvic cavity?
What anatomical structure separates the perineum from the pelvic cavity?
Which triangle in the perineum is associated with the openings of urinary and reproductive systems?
Which triangle in the perineum is associated with the openings of urinary and reproductive systems?
What structure allows passage of the urethra and vagina in the perineum?
What structure allows passage of the urethra and vagina in the perineum?
What anatomical region is immediately superior to the deep perineal pouch?
What anatomical region is immediately superior to the deep perineal pouch?
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In females, what does the deep perineal pouch contain?
In females, what does the deep perineal pouch contain?
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What muscles are associated with the perineal body?
What muscles are associated with the perineal body?
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Which structure provides support for the external genitalia?
Which structure provides support for the external genitalia?
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What is the main arterial supply of the superior part of the vagina?
What is the main arterial supply of the superior part of the vagina?
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In females, which muscle surrounds the bulbs of the vestibule?
In females, which muscle surrounds the bulbs of the vestibule?
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What forms a transverse slit above the level of hymen in the vagina?
What forms a transverse slit above the level of hymen in the vagina?
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Study Notes
Perineum
- The perineum is a shallow compartment bounded by the pelvic outlet and separated from the pelvic cavity by the fascia covering the inferior aspect of the pelvic diaphragm.
- The perineum is divided into two triangles: the urogenital triangle (anteriorly) and the anal triangle (posteriorly).
- The urogenital triangle contains the openings of the urinary and reproductive systems.
Perineal Membrane
- The perineal membrane is a thick fibrous sheet that fills the urogenital triangle.
- It has a free posterior border and is attached laterally to the pubic arch.
- The perineal membrane provides support for external genitalia.
Deep Perineal Pouch
- The deep perineal pouch is a thin region superior to the perineal membrane.
- It is bounded inferiorly by the perineal membrane, superiorly by the inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm, and laterally by the inferior portion of the obturator fascia.
- In females, the deep perineal pouch contains the proximal part of the urethra, deep transverse perineal muscles, external urethral muscle, and neurovasculature of the clitoris.
Superficial Perineal Pouch
- The superficial perineal pouch is a potential space between the perineal fascia and the perineal membrane.
- It is bounded laterally by the ischiopubic rami.
- In females, the superficial perineal pouch contains the clitoris and associated muscle, bulbs of the vestibule and surrounding muscle, greater vestibular glands, superficial transverse perineal muscles, and related vessels and nerves.
Vagina
- The vagina is a fibromuscular tube that extends from the vestibule to the uterus.
- It has an anterior wall (approximately 7.5 cm long) and a posterior wall (approximately 9 cm long).
- The vagina opens externally via the vaginal orifice, which is positioned below the urethral orifice.
- The size of the vaginal orifice varies and is capable of great distension during childbirth and to a lesser degree during sexual intercourse.
Hymen
- The hymen is a thin fold of mucous membrane situated just within the vaginal orifice.
- It varies greatly in shape and dimensions, including annular, semilunar, septate, cribiform, and sometimes complete or imperforate.
- The hymen normally ruptures after the first sexual intercourse.
Arterial Supply and Venous Drainage of Vagina
- The arteries supplying the superior part of the vagina derive from the uterine arteries.
- The arteries supplying the middle and inferior parts of the vagina derive from the vaginal and internal pudendal arteries.
- The vaginal veins form vaginal venous plexuses along the sides of the vagina and within the vaginal mucosa.
- The vaginal veins drain into the internal iliac veins through the uterine vein.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the perineum and its subdivision into the urogenital triangle and anal triangle. Understand the boundaries and structures found in each part of the perineum.
