Anatomy of Ureters

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

  • Secretes hormones
  • Produces urine
  • Filters blood
  • Stores urine (correct)

Which structure connects the kidneys to the urinary bladder?

  • Urethra
  • Ureters (correct)
  • Renal pelvis
  • Peritoneum

What is the main role of peristaltic contractions in the ureters?

  • To transport urine (correct)
  • To store urine
  • To secrete hormones
  • To filter urine

Where does each ureter begin?

<p>Renal pelvis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long are the ureters approximately?

<p>12 inches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the ureters located in relation to the abdominal wall?

<p>Retroperitoneal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which gender does the base of the urinary bladder lie between the rectum and pubic symphysis?

<p>Male (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the ureters penetrate the urinary bladder?

<p>&quot;Without entering the peritoneal cavity&quot; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ureters?

<p>Transport urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the base of the urinary bladder located in females?

<p>Inferior to uterus and anterior to vagina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Ureteric Orifices and Ureter Walls

  • Ureteric orifices are slit-like, preventing backflow of urine towards the ureter and kidneys when the urinary bladder contracts.
  • The ureter wall consists of three layers: mucosa, muscular layer, and outer connective tissue layer.

Ureter Function

  • Peristaltic contractions occur every 30 seconds, starting at the renal pelvis and forcing urine towards the urinary bladder.

Urinary Bladder

  • The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular organ that serves as temporary storage for urine.
  • A full urinary bladder can contain up to 1 liter of urine.
  • The dimensions of the urinary bladder vary with its state of distension.

Urethra

  • The urethra extends from the neck of the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body.
  • In males, the urethra is approximately 18-20 cm (7-8 in.) long and divided into three segments: prostatic, membranous, and spongy urethra.

Urinary Reflexes

  • Urine reaches the urinary bladder by peristaltic contractions of the ureters.
  • The urge to urinate typically appears when the urinary bladder contains about 200 mL of urine.
  • Urine storage and release involve simultaneous, coordinated activities controlled by spinal reflexes and higher centers in the brain.

Blood Supply and Innervation of the Kidneys

  • The kidneys receive 20-25% of the total cardiac output, with approximately 1200 mL of blood flowing through the kidneys each minute.
  • The renal nerves, which innervate the kidneys and ureters, are dominated by sympathetic postganglionic fibers.

Urine Formation and Elimination

  • Urine is transported by the ureters, stored in the bladder, and eliminated through the urethra by urinary reflexes.
  • Filtrate modification and urine production end when the fluid enters the renal pelvis.
  • The urinary tract transports, stores, and eliminates urine.

Ureters

  • The ureters are a pair of muscular tubes that extend from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, approximately 30 cm (12 in.) in length.
  • Each ureter begins at the renal pelvis and extends inferiorly and medially, passing over the anterior surfaces of the psoas major.
  • The ureters are retroperitoneal and firmly attached to the posterior abdominal wall.

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