Anatomy of the Trigeminal Nerve
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Questions and Answers

Which division of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for motor function?

  • Maxillary (V2)
  • Mandibular (V3) (correct)
  • Facial Nerve (VII)
  • Ophthalmic (V1)

    • What is the main function of the temporalis muscle?

  • Protrudes the mandible
  • Retracts and elevates the mandible (correct)
  • Depresses the mandible
  • Rotates the mandible

    • Which boundary is located posteriorly and superiorly in the temporal fossa?

  • Zygomatic arch
  • Inferior temporal line
  • Frontal bone
  • Superior temporal line (correct)

    • Which foramen does the maxillary nerve (V2) pass through?

    <p>Foramen rotundum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is located medially and caudally to the zygomatic arch?

    <p>Infratemporal fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is primarily associated with the temporalis muscle?

    <p>Temporal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a boundary of the temporal fossa?

    <p>Temporal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is located posterior to the infratemporal fossa?

    <p>Pterygoid process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fibers does the greater petrosal nerve carry?

    <p>Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is primarily associated with the infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae?

    <p>Maxillary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the coronoid process of the mandible?

    <p>Attachment for the temporalis muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament connects the sphenoid bone to the mandible?

    <p>Sphenomandibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the submandibular gland?

    <p>Secretes saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structure is involved in the acoustic function of the temporomandibular joint?

    <p>Articular eminence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve transmits the mental nerve?

    <p>Inferior alveolar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure does the submandibular duct (Wharton's duct) associated with?

    <p>Lingual nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action performed by the lateral pterygoid muscle?

    <p>Protrusion and side-to-side movements of the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the submandibular gland is grooved by the facial artery?

    <p>Superficial part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is NOT a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

    <p>Maxillary nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major function of saliva produced by the submandibular glands?

    <p>It lubricates the food bolus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle originates from the zygomatic arch?

    <p>Masseter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is located posterior to the pterygoid plate?

    <p>Carotid sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nerves provides sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

    <p>Lingual nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies much of the nasal cavity and the roof of the oral cavity?

    <p>Maxillary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the masseter muscle?

    <p>Elevation and retraction of the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these structures is found in the infratemporal fossa?

    <p>pterygoid venous plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pterygopalatine fossa is primarily bordered by which structure laterally?

    <p>Pterygomaxillary fissure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is primarily responsible for the motor function of the mylohyoid muscle?

    <p>Mylohyoid nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of the temporalis muscle in relation to the temporal fossa?

    <p>Attached below the inferior temporal line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the structure that separates the infratemporal fossa from the temporal fossa.

    <p>Zygomatic arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the pterygopalatine fossa in relation to the infratemporal fossa?

    <p>It's significantly deeper than the infratemporal fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the mandibular nerve (V3) within the infratemporal fossa?

    <p>Conveying both sensory and motor functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a content of the temporal fossa?

    <p>Mandibular nerve (V3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which boundary is located inferiorly in the temporal fossa?

    <p>Infratemporal crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the temporalis muscle?

    <p>Elevating and retracting the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure primarily supplies the temporalis muscle?

    <p>Deep temporal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the medial pterygoid muscle?

    <p>Elevation of the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides general sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

    <p>Lingual nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the infratemporal fossa, which structure is NOT typically found?

    <p>Facial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the masseter muscle?

    <p>Elevation of the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle primarily aids in the opening of the mouth?

    <p>Lateral pterygoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the otic ganglion?

    <p>Parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is located anterior to the pterygoid process of the sphenoid?

    <p>Pterygopalatine fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries primarily supply the muscles of mastication?

    <p>Maxillary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which boundary is part of the floor of the pterygopalatine fossa?

    <p>Palatine bone - pyramidal process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is motor to the muscles responsible for mastication?

    <p>Mandibular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery branches directly from the maxillary artery within the pterygopalatine fossa?

    <p>Sphenopalatine artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the deep petrosal nerve?

    <p>Convey postsynaptic sympathetic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure does the articulating condyle of the mandible make contact with?

    <p>Articular eminence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligaments are classified as extracapsular ligaments of the temporomandibular joint?

    <p>Stylomandibular and sphenomandibular ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is primarily responsible for transmitting the inferior dental neurovascular bundle?

    <p>Mandibular foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of the mandible serves as the attachment point for the temporalis muscle?

    <p>Coronoid process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical significance of the submandibular duct?

    <p>It opens on either side of the frenulum beneath the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the innervation of the submandibular gland?

    <p>It is innervated by both the cervical branch of VII and the marginal mandibular branch of VII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the submandibular gland is primarily responsible for salivary production?

    <p>Superficial part of the gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of saliva produced by the submandibular glands?

    <p>To assist in digestion and maintain oral hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Temple, Infratemporal Fossa & TMJ

    • Lecture date: 24-11-2024
    • Class: MED Year 2, Semester 1
    • Lecturer: DR. VIJAYALAKSHMI S B

    Learning Outcomes

    • Describe the osteology and movement of the TMJ
    • Identify the muscles of mastication
    • Define the boundaries of the temporal fossa and describe its contents
    • Describe the infratemporal fossa, V3 (mandibular nerve) and maxillary artery
    • Describe the pterygopalatine fossa and V2 (maxillary nerve)
    • Identify mylohyoid and its attachments
    • Describe the submandibular gland and duct
    • Describe the blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the submandibular region

    Trigeminal Nerve Divisions

    • Ophthalmic (V1): Sensory, Superior orbital fissure
    • Maxillary (V2): Sensory, Foramen rotundum, Pterygopalatine fossa
    • Mandibular (V3): Sensory, Motor (1st Branchial arch), Foramen ovale, Infratemporal fossa

    Temporal Fossa

    • Boundaries: Superior temporal line, Inferior temporal line, Frontal and zygomatic bones, Zygomatic arch, Infratemporal crest
    • Contents: Deep temporal arteries, Middle meningeal artery, Auriculotemporal nerve, Pterygoid artery, Artery to Masseter, Inferior alveolar artery, Superficial temporal artery

    Temporalis Muscle

    • Large muscle of mastication
    • Fan-shaped
    • Attaches below the inferior temporal line
    • Floor of temporal fossa and coronoid process of the mandible
    • Elevates and retracts mandible
    • Supplied by deep temporal nerves (mandibular nerve) and vessels

    Infratemporal Fossa Boundaries

    • Lateral: Condyle and ramus of the mandible
    • Medial: Lateral pterygoid plate, tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles
    • Anterior: Posterior border of the maxillary sinus
    • Posterior: Carotid sheath
    • Roof: Greater wing of the sphenoid bone
    • Floor: Medial pterygoid muscle

    Infratemporal Fossa Contents

    • Lateral pterygoid muscle
    • Medial pterygoid muscle
    • Sphenomandibular ligament
    • Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve and its branches (Auriculotemporal, Inferior alveolar, Nerve to mylohyoid, Lingual nerves)
    • Lesser petrosal nerve
    • Chorda tympani
    • Otic ganglion
    • Maxillary artery
    • Pterygoid venous plexus

    Lateral Pterygoid

    • Arises from the lateral aspect of the lateral pterygoid plate, Greater wing of sphenoid
    • Inserts into the neck of mandible, the articular disc in the TMJ and the capsule of the joint
    • Action: Protrusion and side-to-side movements of the mandible

    Medial Pterygoid

    • Originates from the medial aspect of the lateral pterygoid plate, Tuberosity of the maxilla
    • Inserts onto the medial side of the mandibular ramus
    • Actions: Elevation (closes the mouth), side-to-side movements and protrusion of the mandible

    Masseter

    • Originates from the zygomatic arch
    • Inserts onto the lateral side of the mandibular ramus
    • V3 Masseteric nerve
    • Masseteric artery (branch of maxillary)
    • Elevation (closes the mouth), retraction of the mandible

    Mandibular Nerve (Motor)

    • Masseter
    • Temporalis
    • Pterygoids (Lateral & Medial)
    • Floor of the mouth muscles (Mylohyoid, Anterior belly of digastric)
    • Smaller muscles (Tensor tympani, Tensor veli palatini)

    Pterygopalatine Fossa

    • Deeper and medial to the infratemporal fossa
    • Anterior to the pterygoid process of sphenoid
    • Boundaries: Palatine bone, Perpendicular plate, Sphenoid, Maxilla, Palatine bone, Pterygomaxillary fissure

    Pterygopalatine Fossa Connections

    • Sphenopalatine foramen, nasal cavity
    • Inferior orbital fissure, floor of orbit
    • Pterygomaxillary fissure, infratemporal fossa
    • Pterygoid canal
    • Foramen rotundum, middle cranial fossa
    • Palatine canal, roof of oral cavity (palate)

    Pterygopalatine Ganglion

    • Contains: Nasal nerves, Sphenopalatine foramen, Pharyngeal nerve, Palatovaginal canal, Foramen rotundum, Pterygoid canal, Palatine canal
    • Provides parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal glands and nasal mucosa.

    Submandibular Gland

    • Two parts: superficial and deep
    • Grooved by facial artery.
    • Inferior surface
    • Marginal mandibular branch of VII
    • Nodes on/in gland
    • Curls round posterior border of mylohyoid
    • Passes forward between mylohyoid and hyoglossus
    • Duct opens either side of frenulum, beneath tongue
    • Duct is lateral then medial to the lingual nerve

    Submandibular Gland Pathology

    • Duct blocked/Stones
    • Tumors (Adenoma-benign, Adenocarcinoma-malignant)
    • Lymph node pathology (Enlarged in infection, metastases)

    Lymphatic Drainage

    • Know how to examine cervical lymph nodes (Pre-auricular/parotid, Submental, Submandibular, Omohyoid, Jugulo-omohyoid, Occipital, Mastoid, Jugulodigastric, Superficial cervical, Internal jugular vein, Deep cervical, External jugular vein)

    Temporomandibular Joint

    • The only movable joint in the skull
    • Articular eminence, Mandibular fossa, Condyle, Temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

    Mandible Osteology

    • Condyle, Neck, Ramus, Angle, Mandibular notch, Coronoid process, Body

    More Mandible Landmarks

    • Condyle articulates with the skull
    • Coronoid process attachment for temporalis muscle
    • Ramus attachment for masseter and medial pterygoid muscles
    • Mandibular foramen transmits the inferior dental neurovascular bundle
    • Alveolar process = tooth-bearing area
    • Mental foramen transmits the mental nerve

    Temporomandibular joint – extracapsular ligaments

    • Sphenomandibular ligament (From the spine of the sphenoid to the lingula of the mandible)
    • Stylomandibular ligament (From the styloid process to the mandible)

    Temporomandibular joint – movements

    • Protrusion (Lateral pterygoid assisted by medial pterygoid)
    • Retraction (posterior fibers of temporalis, deep part of masseter, and geniohyoid and digastric)
    • Depression (gravity, temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, digastric, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid muscles)
    • Elevation (temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, digastric, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid muscles)

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions related to the trigeminal nerve and its branches. This quiz covers critical aspects such as the motor functions, associated muscles, and anatomical boundaries. Enhance your understanding of these structures in the context of cranial anatomy.

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