67 Questions
Which layer of the digestive system wall is in direct contact with the lumen?
Mucosa
Which phase of the digestive process involves the breaking down of food into smaller pieces?
Fragmentation
Which organ is considered a parenchymatous organ of the digestive system?
Liver
What are the concentric layers that form the wall of tubular organs in the digestive system?
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
What is the main function of the major salivary glands?
To facilitate the fragmentation and swallowing of food
Which type of epithelium lines the mucosa of the oro-pharynx?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What type of muscle tissue makes up the muscularis layer of the oesophagus?
Skeletal muscle tissue
What is the structure that serves as a dilation of the esophagus in birds?
Crop
What is the main function of myoepithelial cells in salivary glands?
To assist in the expulsion of saliva from acini and tubules
What type of connective tissue surrounds the major salivary glands?
Fibrous connective tissue
Which layer of the digestive system is composed of several layers of smooth and/or striated muscle tissue?
Muscularis
In which section of the digestive system is the muscularis mucosae absent?
Oral cavity
What type of epithelium does the mucosa in the oral cavity have?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Which part of the digestive system has rugae and abundant mucous minor salivary glands?
Hard palate
What type of muscle is the lips primarily composed of?
Orbicularis oris muscle
Which part of the digestive system has a ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
Soft palate facing the laryngo-pharynx
What is the function of the oral cavity in the digestive system?
Food ingestion and fragmentation
Which part of the digestive system has a central zone of striated muscle tissue and numerous glands of serous, mucous, and mixed secretion?
Tongue
What type of muscle fibers make up the muscularis mucosae?
Smooth muscle fibers
Which layer surrounds the muscularis externa layer with loose connective tissue?
Adventitia
What type of epithelium covers the ventral face of the tongue?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Which type of papillae on the dorsal face of the tongue lacks taste buds?
Filiform papillae
Where are taste buds found?
On the lateral faces of papillae
What is enamel primarily made up of?
Hydroxyapatite
Which cells are responsible for synthesizing dentin?
Odontoblasts
What type of teeth have a crown and root?
Brachydont teeth
Where are Von Ebner glands located?
At the base of circumvallate papillae
What covers fungiform papillae?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What is cementum made up of?
Lamellae
What type of tissue is enamel?
Highly mineralized structure
What type of teeth lack a crown and root but have an elongated body?
Hypsodont teeth
Which type of tissue is the digestive system mainly composed of?
Simple columnar epithelium
What are the four components that form the wall of the tubular organs in the digestive system?
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
Which part of the digestive system is considered a parenchymatous organ?
Stomach
What is the main function of the submucosa in the digestive system?
Nourishment and support of the mucosa
What type of cells are found in the acini of the major salivary glands?
Serous, mucous, and myoepithelial
Which part of the pharynx has a muscular layer of longitudinal and circular skeletal striated fibers?
Oro-pharynx
In which animals do oesophageal glands extend along the entire length of the esophagus?
Dogs and pigs
What type of epithelium is present in the naso- and laryngo-pharynx?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Which animals have oesophageal glands only at the beginning of the esophagus?
Horse, ruminants, and cats
What is a distinguishing feature of the bird esophagus compared to other animals?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with mucous glands
What is a distinguishing feature of the crop in birds?
Dilation of the esophagus with high folds
What type of muscle fibers make up the muscularis layer of the esophagus?
Skeletal muscle fibers
What type of connective tissue surrounds the major salivary glands?
Fibrous connective tissue capsule
What type of secretion is produced by the major salivary glands?
Mixed serous and mucous secretion
What type of exocrine glands are the major salivary glands?
Compound tubuloacinar exocrine glands
Which layer of the digestive system is composed of loose connective tissue with blood and lymphatic vessels and glands?
Submucosa
Which section of the digestive system has a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, a thin lamina propria, and a thicker, more collagenous deep layer?
Oral cavity
Which part of the digestive system has rugae and abundant mucous minor salivary glands?
Hard palate
What type of muscle fibers make up the muscularis mucosae?
Smooth muscle fibers
What type of epithelium covers the ventral face of the tongue?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What type of muscle tissue makes up the muscularis layer of the esophagus?
Smooth muscle tissue
What type of epithelium does the mucosa in the oral cavity have?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Where are Von Ebner glands located?
Tongue
What is the main function of myoepithelial cells in salivary glands?
Contracting to expel saliva from acini into ducts
What type of connective tissue surrounds the major salivary glands?
Adventitia
What type of epithelium covers the dorsal face of the tongue directly, without a submucosa layer?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What type of papillae on the dorsal face of the tongue are abundant, serve to detach food, and lack taste buds?
Filiform papillae
Which minor salivary glands are located at the base of the circumvallate papillae?
Von Ebner glands
What is the second hardest tissue in the body, made up of 70% minerals, and synthesized by odontoblasts?
Dentin
What type of teeth have an elongated body but lack a crown and root?
Hypsodont teeth
What is enamel primarily made up of?
Hydroxyapatite
Where are taste buds found?
On all types of papillae on the dorsal face of the tongue
What type of muscle fibers make up the muscularis mucosae?
Smooth muscle fibers only
What type of tissue is cementum?
Slightly modified bone tissue
What covers fungiform papillae?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What type of teeth have a crown and root?
Permanent teeth
Study Notes
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Lingual glands are minor salivary glandslocated on the tongue.
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Submucosa and non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium cover the ventral face of the tongue.
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Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium covers the dorsal face directly, without a submucosa layer.
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Papillae on the dorsal face of the tongue have elevations and are morphologically divided into filiform, fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate types.
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Filiform papillae are abundant, serve to detach food, lack taste buds, and are lined by a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
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Fungiform papillae are shaped like mushrooms, are scattered among filiform papillae, have taste buds, are lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, and have a variety of functions and distributions in different species.
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Circumvallate papillae are rare, calyx-shaped, and submerged in the surface of the tongue, surrounded by the annular groove, and have taste buds and excretory ducts of serous glands.
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Von Ebner glands are minor salivary glands located at the base of the circumvallate papillae.
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Taste buds are intraepithelial sensory organs found on the lateral faces of papillae, containing elongated cells, microvilli, synaptic junctions with nerve fibers, and are responsible for sensing flavors.
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Teeth are highly mineralized structures in the oral cavity, consisting of enamel, dentin, and cementum.
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Enamel is the hardest substance in the body, made up of hydroxyapatite, and is synthesized by ameloblasts.
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Dentin is the second hardest tissue in the body, made up of 70% minerals, and is synthesized by odontoblasts.
-
Cementum is slightly modified bone tissue, made up of lamellae, and is synthesized by cementocytes.
-
Animals have two types of teeth: brachydont and hypsodont.
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Brachydont teeth have a crown and root, while hypsodont teeth lack a crown and root but have an elongated body.
-
The enamel layer extends throughout the entire body and almost to the tip of the root in hypsodont teeth.
-
Lingual glands are minor salivary glandslocated on the tongue.
-
Submucosa and non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium cover the ventral face of the tongue.
-
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium covers the dorsal face directly, without a submucosa layer.
-
Papillae on the dorsal face of the tongue have elevations and are morphologically divided into filiform, fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate types.
-
Filiform papillae are abundant, serve to detach food, lack taste buds, and are lined by a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
-
Fungiform papillae are shaped like mushrooms, are scattered among filiform papillae, have taste buds, are lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, and have a variety of functions and distributions in different species.
-
Circumvallate papillae are rare, calyx-shaped, and submerged in the surface of the tongue, surrounded by the annular groove, and have taste buds and excretory ducts of serous glands.
-
Von Ebner glands are minor salivary glands located at the base of the circumvallate papillae.
-
Taste buds are intraepithelial sensory organs found on the lateral faces of papillae, containing elongated cells, microvilli, synaptic junctions with nerve fibers, and are responsible for sensing flavors.
-
Teeth are highly mineralized structures in the oral cavity, consisting of enamel, dentin, and cementum.
-
Enamel is the hardest substance in the body, made up of hydroxyapatite, and is synthesized by ameloblasts.
-
Dentin is the second hardest tissue in the body, made up of 70% minerals, and is synthesized by odontoblasts.
-
Cementum is slightly modified bone tissue, made up of lamellae, and is synthesized by cementocytes.
-
Animals have two types of teeth: brachydont and hypsodont.
-
Brachydont teeth have a crown and root, while hypsodont teeth lack a crown and root but have an elongated body.
-
The enamel layer extends throughout the entire body and almost to the tip of the root in hypsodont teeth.
Test your knowledge of the anatomical features and composition of the tongue, including the different types of epithelium and salivary glands. Explore the unique characteristics of the dorsal and ventral surfaces, as well as the structures of papillae.
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