Podcast
Questions and Answers
The tongue is primarily innervated by the ______ nerve XII.
The tongue is primarily innervated by the ______ nerve XII.
hypoglossal
The ______ artery is chiefly responsible for supplying the tongue.
The ______ artery is chiefly responsible for supplying the tongue.
lingual
The majority of lymph vessels from the central part of the tongue drain into the upper deep ______ nodes.
The majority of lymph vessels from the central part of the tongue drain into the upper deep ______ nodes.
cervical
Filiform papillae are characterized by their ______ shape and are the most numerous on the tongue.
Filiform papillae are characterized by their ______ shape and are the most numerous on the tongue.
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The lingual vein drains into the internal ______ vein.
The lingual vein drains into the internal ______ vein.
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The palatoglossal arch runs from the soft palate to the sides of the ______.
The palatoglossal arch runs from the soft palate to the sides of the ______.
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The ______ tonsil is located on the roof of the nasopharynx.
The ______ tonsil is located on the roof of the nasopharynx.
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The arterial supply of the soft palate is usually derived from the ascending palatine branch of the ______ artery.
The arterial supply of the soft palate is usually derived from the ascending palatine branch of the ______ artery.
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The tonsillar fossa contains the palatine ______ in both sides.
The tonsillar fossa contains the palatine ______ in both sides.
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The ______ tonsil is located in the root of the tongue.
The ______ tonsil is located in the root of the tongue.
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The space between the middle and inferior constrictor allows the passage of the internal laryngeal ______ and vessels.
The space between the middle and inferior constrictor allows the passage of the internal laryngeal ______ and vessels.
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The ______ is behind the posterior apertures of the nasal cavities and above the level of the soft palate.
The ______ is behind the posterior apertures of the nasal cavities and above the level of the soft palate.
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The oropharynx is posterior to the oral cavity and inferior to the level of the soft ______.
The oropharynx is posterior to the oral cavity and inferior to the level of the soft ______.
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The oropharyngeal ______ is closed by the elevation of the back of the tongue and movement towards the midline of the folds.
The oropharyngeal ______ is closed by the elevation of the back of the tongue and movement towards the midline of the folds.
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The laryngopharynx extends from the superior margin of the epiglottis to the top of the ______ at the level of vertebra C6.
The laryngopharynx extends from the superior margin of the epiglottis to the top of the ______ at the level of vertebra C6.
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Study Notes
Digestive System: Oral Cavity
- The digestive system starts with food intake, followed by mechanical and chemical breakdown.
- The digestive system absorbs nutrients and eliminates waste products.
- The alimentary mucosa has barrier, immunologic, secretory, and absorptive functions.
Oral Cavity
- The oral cavity is inferior to the nasal cavities.
- It's composed of the mouth and its contents (tongue, teeth, salivary glands, and tonsils).
- The vestibule is the area between the lips/cheeks and teeth.
- The oral cavity proper is enclosed by dental arches, palate, tongue, and oropharyngeal isthmus.
- Functions include initial digestion (salivary amylase) and manipulating sounds/breathing.
Important Nerves for the Oral Cavity
- Sensory: primarily trigeminal nerve (V) branches.
- Taste: anterior two-thirds of tongue (lingual nerve, branch of mandibular nerve, and chorda tympani of facial nerve), posterior third (glossopharyngeal IX and vagus X).
- Parasympathetic fibers innervate oral cavity glands (not major salivary).
- Sympathetic innervation originates from spinal cord level T1.
Types of Mucosa
- Lining epithelium: soft palate, floor of mouth, etc.
- Masticatory epithelium: gums and hard palate are keratinized (or parakeratinized)
- Specialized epithelium: dorsal and lateral tongue surfaces (taste buds)
Cheeks
- Composed of stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium and buccinator muscle.
- Receives arterial blood supply from the buccal branch of maxillary artery, and is innervated from branches of maxillary and mandibular divisions of trigeminal nerve.
Gums
- Composed of keratinized and parakeratinized epithelium to resist food.
- Also contain submucosal tissue in the anterior part.
Floor of Oral Cavity
- Primarily composed of hyoid mylohyoid muscles
- Originating from the mylohyoid line of mandible, and inserting on the hyoid bone and median raphe.
- It elevates and supports the floor in the oral cavity, depresses mandible and elevates hyoid
Tongue
- Attached to the floor of the mouth by the lingual frenulum.
- Contains sublingual caruncula (ducts for sublingual and submandibular glands).
- Supplied by lingual artery (branch of the external carotid artery).
- Drains into facial vein and later internal carotid artery.
Hard and Soft Palate
- Hard palate: formed by the palatine processes of the maxilla and horizontal plate of the palatine bone.
- Soft palate: a mobile fold attached to the posterior border of the hard palate; composed of five muscles (tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, and uvulae)
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and innervation of the tongue and soft palate. This quiz covers important structures such as nerves, arteries, and lymphatic drainage, enhancing your understanding of oral anatomy. Perfect for students and professionals in healthcare fields!
