Anatomy of the Thoracic Cage
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Questions and Answers

What is unique about the 1st rib compared to the others?

  • It has no tubercle
  • It is the longest rib
  • It has two facets for articulation with the bodies of the T1 and T2 vertebrae
  • It has a single facet on its head for articulation with T1 vertebra only (correct)

    • What type of muscle is attached to the scalene tubercle and ridge on the 1st rib?

  • Posterior scalene muscle
  • Intertransverse muscle
  • Anterior scalene muscle (correct)
  • Middle scalene muscle

    • What is the main atypical feature of the 2nd rib?

  • It has no tubercle
  • It has a single facet on its head for articulation with T1 vertebra only
  • It has a rough area on its upper surface, the tuberosity for serratus anterior (correct)
  • It has two facets for articulation with the bodies of the T1 and T2 vertebrae

    • Which ribs have only one facet on their heads and articulate with a single vertebra?

    <p>10th-12th ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the 11th and 12th ribs?

    <p>They have no neck or tubercle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure crosses the 1st rib anterior to the scalenus anterior?

    <p>Subclavian vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lies in contact with the bone posterior to the scalenus anterior on the 1st rib?

    <p>Subclavian artery and the lower trunk of the brachial plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ribs are atypical?

    <p>1st and 2nd ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the easily palpable notch on the superior border of the manubrium?

    <p>Suprasternal notch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the articulation of the manubrium with the body known as?

    <p>Sternal angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the manubriosternal joint?

    <p>Symphyseal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the horizontal line that typically projects posteriorly onto the intervertebral disc?

    <p>T4 intervertebral disc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the region of the body between the neck and the abdomen?

    <p>The chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the middle part of the sternum?

    <p>Body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the skeletal framework of the thoracic walls referred to as?

    <p>The thoracic cage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the small, 'pointed' part at the inferior end of the sternum?

    <p>Xiphoid process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical number of pairs of ribs in both males and females?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the thoracic cavity subdivided into?

    <p>Three major compartments, including the left and right pleural cavities and the mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three parts of the sternum?

    <p>Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of ribs based on?

    <p>Typical or atypical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the thoracic cage?

    <p>The sternum and costal cartilages anteriorly, the ribs and intercostal spaces laterally on either side, and the vertebral column posteriorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the thoracic cage?

    <p>To protect the lungs and heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the upper part of the sternum?

    <p>Manubrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    With what does the manubrium articulate?

    <p>The body of the sternum, the clavicles, and the first and second costal cartilages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joints are the joints of ribs and costal cartilages?

    <p>Cartilaginous joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which costal cartilages articulate with the manubrium?

    <p>The first costal cartilage only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th costal cartilages articulate with each other?

    <p>By synovial joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the cartilages of the 11th and 12th ribs?

    <p>They are embedded in the abdominal musculature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristic features of thoracic vertebrae?

    <p>Bilateral costal facets on the vertebral bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the costal facets on the vertebral bodies?

    <p>For articulation with the heads of ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae?

    <p>Long and inferiorly slanting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the costal facets on the transverse processes?

    <p>For articulation with the tubercles of ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the costal cartilages in the thoracic walls?

    <p>To contribute to the elasticity and mobility of the thoracic walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ribs have a single synovial joint with their corresponding vertebral body?

    <p>The 1st and 3 lowest ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the joint that connects the tubercle of a rib with the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra?

    <p>Joints of Tubercles of Ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the costal cartilages in old age?

    <p>They lose some of their flexibility due to superficial calcification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the costo-vertebral joints?

    <p>To articulate the ribs with the vertebral body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ribs do not have a joint of tubercles of ribs?

    <p>The 11th and 12th ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the chondro-sternal joints?

    <p>To connect the costal cartilages to the sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ribs do not have a single synovial joint with their corresponding vertebral body?

    <p>The 2nd to 9th ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Thoracic Cage

    • The thoracic cage, also known as the thoracic wall, is the skeletal framework of the chest.
    • It is formed by the sternum and costal cartilages anteriorly, ribs and intercostal spaces laterally on either side, and the vertebral column posteriorly.
    • The thoracic cavity is enclosed by the thoracic wall and the diaphragm and is subdivided into three major compartments: a left and a right pleural cavity, each surrounding a lung, and the mediastinum.

    Sternum

    • The sternum is the elongate, flat bone that lies in the midline of the anterior chest wall.
    • It consists of three parts: the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.

    Ribs

    • There are 12 pairs of ribs, which are classified into three types: true, false, and floating.
    • True ribs (1st to 7th ribs) articulate directly with the sternum.
    • False ribs (8th to 10th ribs) articulate with the cartilage immediately above.
    • Floating ribs (11th and 12th ribs) have no anterior attachment.
    • The 1st, 2nd, and 10th to 12th ribs are atypical ribs.

    Costal Cartilages

    • Costal cartilages are bars of cartilage connecting the upper seven ribs to the lateral edge of the sternum.
    • The 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs connect to the cartilage immediately above, while the 11th and 12th ribs end in the abdominal musculature.

    Articulations of Ribs

    • Costo-vertebral joints: the head of the rib articulates with the vertebral body.
    • Joints of tubercles of ribs: the tubercle of a rib articulates with the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra.
    • Costo-chondral joints: the costal cartilage articulates with the rib.
    • Chondro-sternal joints: the costal cartilage articulates with the sternum.

    Thoracic Vertebrae

    • The thoracic vertebrae have bodies, vertebral arches, and processes for muscular and articular connections.
    • Characteristic features of thoracic vertebrae include bilateral costal facets (demifacets) on the vertebral bodies, costal facets on the transverse processes, and long, inferiorly slanting spinous processes.

    Thoracic Apertures

    • The superior thoracic aperture communicates with the neck.
    • The inferior thoracic aperture is separated from the abdomen by the diaphragm.

    Functions of the Thoracic Cage

    • The thoracic cage protects the lungs and heart.
    • It provides attachment for the muscles of the thorax, upper extremity, abdomen, and back.

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    Description

    Learn about the skeletal framework of the thoracic walls, the thoracic cavity, and its subdivisions.

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