30 Questions
Which structure does the esophagus deviate to the left and pass through the esophageal hiatus at the level of T10, anterior to?
Aorta
What is the primary posterior relationship of the esophagus?
Base of heart
Where does the thoracic duct originate from?
Cisternal chyli in the abdomen
What is the thoracic duct usually beaded due to?
Numerous valves
What is the location of the superior mediastinum?
Superior to the transverse thoracic plane
At which vertebral level does the thoracic duct cross to the left, posterior to the esophagus and ascends into the superior mediastinum?
The vertebral level is not specified
What is the order of the major structures in the superior mediastinum, from anterior to posterior?
- thymus, 2. veins, 3. arteries, 4. airway, 5. alimentary tract, 6. lymphatic trunks
Which of the following structures does not receive lymph from the thoracic duct?
Right superior quadrant
What is the primary lymphoid organ located in the anterior mediastinum and inferior to the neck?
Thymus
Where do the veins of the thymus drain into?
Left branchiocephalic, internal thoracic, and inferior thyroid veins
What is the origin of the right and left brachiocephalic veins?
Union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins
Where do the lymph vessels of the thymus end in?
Parasternal, branchiocephalic, and tracheobronchial lymph nodes
How do tumor cells enter the systemic circulation and reach the lungs?
By invading the wall of a sinusoid or venule of the lung
Which lymph nodes are often enlarged in bronchogenic carcinoma?
Supraclavicular lymph nodes
Why is the visceral pleura relatively insensitive to pain?
It receives no somatic nerve fibers for general sensation
If the parietal pleura produces local pain, where will it be projected?
Dermatomes supplied by the same spinal cord segments
Which dermatomes are affected if the costal and peripheral part of the diaphragmatic pleura is affected?
Thoracic and abdominal wall
From where do the axio-appendicular muscles extend?
From the thoracic cage to the upper limb bones
What is the most common site of metastasis from breast cancer?
Axillary lymph nodes
Where do cancer cells from breast spread to through venous routes?
Vertebrae and cranium
What is the boundary that divides the mediastinum into superior and inferior parts?
Transverse thoracic line
Where is the mediastinum located?
In the central thoracic cavity
What is the superior termination point of the superior mediastinum?
Thoracic aperture
What are the three compartments that the thoracic cavity is divided into?
Right and left pulmonary cavity, Central mediastinum
What type of pleura covers the lungs and tracheobronchial tree?
Visceral pleura
Where can breast cancer in women spread to?
Axillary lymph nodes, bone, pleura, lung, and skin
What surrounds the parietal pleura?
Endothoracic fascia, suprapleural membrane, and mediastinum
What are the three parts of the parietal pleura?
Costal, diaphragmatic, and mediastinal
How can you differentiate between parietal and visceral pleura?
By inserting a hand into a balloon and feeling the pressure
Where do lungs develop from during the embryonic period?
Pericardioperitoneal canals
Test your knowledge of the superior mediastinum's location, contents, and structures. Identify the correct ordering of contents from anterior to posterior and more. This quiz is perfect for medical students and anatomy enthusiasts.
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