Anatomy of the Stomach
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Questions and Answers

Where is the stomach located?

  • In the upper abdomen, between the esophagus and small intestine (correct)
  • In the middle abdomen, between the liver and pancreas
  • In the lower abdomen, between the esophagus and large intestine
  • In the lower abdomen, beneath the kidneys

Which part of the stomach connects to the duodenum of the small intestine?

  • Body
  • Cardia
  • Fundus
  • Pylorus (correct)

What are the two main curvatures of the stomach?

  • Left curvature and right curvature
  • Superior curvature and inferior curvature
  • Lesser curvature and greater curvature (correct)
  • Upper curvature and lower curvature

Which part of the stomach lies above the level of the cardia?

<p>Fundus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main central portion of the stomach called?

<p>Body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the stomach is near the esophagus?

<p>Cardia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What covers the anterior surface of the stomach?

<p>Visceral peritoneum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows for expansion of the stomach?

<p>Gastric folds or rugae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of gastric ischemia and planning surgical interventions?

<p>Knowledge of the arterial blood supply to the stomach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve plays a crucial role in assessing gastric motility, secretion, and sensation?

<p>Vagus nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which peritoneal attachment is significant for surgeons performing abdominal surgeries?

<p>Greater omentum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for diagnosing conditions like gastritis and peptic ulcer disease?

<p>Detailed knowledge of the microscopic anatomy of the stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is knowledge of venous drainage important in assessing gastric health?

<p>To assess for complications like portal hypertension and vein thrombosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is crucial for surgeons performing laparoscopic interventions?

<p>Lesser omentum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can assessment of the sympathetic nerves contribute to in understanding stomach conditions?

<p>Assessment of pain perception and stress effects on stomach functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Gastroparesis' and 'functional dyspepsia' are conditions related to issues with which type of innervation?

<p>'Rest and digest' response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of the gastric juices secreted by the gastric glands?

<p>Hydrochloric acid and pepsin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three layers of smooth muscle in the wall of the stomach?

<p>Outer longitudinal, middle circular, and inner oblique (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the stomach's smooth muscle layers?

<p>To facilitate mixing and churning of food during digestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is the stomach continuous with inferiorly?

<p>The duodenum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lesser omentum?

<p>To connect the stomach to the liver and duodenum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures are contained within the hepatoduodenal ligament, which is part of the lesser omentum?

<p>The portal vein, hepatic artery, and common bile duct (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the greater omentum?

<p>To hang down from the greater curvature of the stomach and drape over the intestines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures are the stomach related to posteriorly?

<p>The pancreas, spleen, left kidney, left adrenal gland, and transverse colon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary arterial blood supply to the male urethra?

<p>Internal pudendal artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle makes up the external urethral sphincter in males?

<p>Skeletal muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do lymphatic vessels from the male urethra primarily drain into?

<p>Pelvic and inguinal lymph nodes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve fibers regulate smooth muscle contraction during ejaculation and micturition?

<p>Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves provide somatic innervation to control voluntary contraction of the external urethral sphincter in males?

<p>Pudendal nerve (S2-S4) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the prostate gland within the male body?

<p>In the pelvic cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lymph nodes receive drainage from the prostatic urethra?

<p>Internal iliac lymph nodes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What controls smooth muscle tone and vasoconstriction in the urethral wall within males?

<p>Sympathetic fibers from the hypogastric plexus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the fibromuscular capsule surrounding the prostate gland?

<p>To provide structural support and protection to the glandular tissue within. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the prostate gland and the rectum?

<p>The prostate gland is separated from the rectum by the rectovesical fascia or the rectoprostatic fascia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a surface feature of the prostate gland?

<p>Smooth surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the prostate gland and the urinary bladder?

<p>The base of the prostate gland is adjacent to the urinary bladder, with the urethra passing through its center. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a lobe of the prostate gland?

<p>Frontal lobe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the prostate gland and the levator ani muscles?

<p>The prostate gland is related to the levator ani muscles, being situated in the pelvic sidewalls. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a structure that the prostate gland is related to?

<p>Spinal cord (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the prostate gland?

<p>To produce semen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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