Anatomy of the Stomach

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Questions and Answers

Where does the esophagus begin and end?

Begins at the epiglottis and ends at the liver

Begins at the cricoid cartilage of the larynx and ends at the cardia of the stomach (correct)

Begins at the pharynx and ends at the larynx

Begins at the thoracic inlet and ends at the abdomen

In which part of the esophagus does it narrow in ruminants and horses?

Thoracic inlet (correct)

Abdominal part

Esophageal hiatus of diaphragm

Cervical part

Why do horses exclusively breathe through their nose?

Due to a narrow esophagus

Due to their inability to voluntarily raise the soft palate (correct)

Due to a blockage in the trachea

Due to a dilated pharynx

Where is the esophagus located within the abdominal cavity?

Dorsal border of the liver Signup and view all the answers

What predisposes ruminants and horses to choke?

Narrowing of esophagus at thoracic inlet Signup and view all the answers

Where is the stomach located in relation to the diaphragm?

Caudal to the diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pharynx?

It divides the respiratory and digestive system. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the ventral oropharynx extend to in the digestive channel?

To the base of the epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

What connects the oral cavity to the oropharynx?

Pharyngeal opening Signup and view all the answers

Where does the laryngopharynx extend to?

Entrance of the esophagus Signup and view all the answers

In which animal is the soft palate described as extremely long and lying ventrally and in front of the tip of epiglottis?

Horse Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of caudal nares?

Osseous opening between caudal nasal cavity and nasopharynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the neck cells in the fundic (gastric) glands of the stomach?

Produce mucus for protection Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the stomach is the distal opening surrounded by a strong band of circular smooth muscle fibers called pyloric sphincter?

Pylorus Signup and view all the answers

In which species is gastric volvulus relatively common due to the wide cardia and C-shaped stomach?

Dog Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity range of a horse's stomach, which should be considered when administering a nasogastric tube?

5-15 L Signup and view all the answers

In some horses, what marks the non-glandular region in the stomach lining?

Scars from larvae of gastrophilus Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the stomach is homologous to the forestomach in ruminants?

Fundus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Esophagus

Begins at the larynx and ends at the stomach, approximately 25-30 cm in adult horses.
Narrows in ruminants and horses at the esophageal sphincter, located near the heart and proximal to the diaphragm.

Breathing in Horses

Horses exclusively breathe through their nose due to the position of their soft palate and the separation from their airways, which prevents aspiration of food.

Esophagus Location

The esophagus is located dorsally within the abdominal cavity, running along the spinal column.

Choke Predispositions

Ruminants and horses are predisposed to choke due to their evolutionary adaptations and feeding behaviors, such as rapid eating and the consumption of large volumes of dry food.

Stomach Location

The stomach is located just below the diaphragm, positioned to the left side of the abdominal cavity.

Pharynx Function

The pharynx serves as a passageway for both food and air, facilitating swallowing and respiration.

Ventral Oropharynx

The ventral oropharynx extends to the level of the epiglottis in the digestive tract.

Connection from Oral Cavity

The fauces connects the oral cavity to the oropharynx.

Laryngopharynx Extension

The laryngopharynx extends to the esophagus and the trachea, allowing passage for food and air.

Long Soft Palate

In horses, the soft palate is described as extremely long and lies ventrally and in front of the tip of the epiglottis.

Caudal Nares Function

Caudal nares play a role in regulating airflow and olfactory senses, contributing to breathing efficiency.

Neck Cells Function

Neck cells in the fundic gastric glands secrete mucus, providing protection for the stomach lining from acidic gastric juices.

Pyloric Sphincter

The pyloric sphincter, a strong band of circular smooth muscle fibers, is located at the distal opening of the stomach, regulating the flow of chyme into the duodenum.

Gastric Volvulus

Gastric volvulus, a condition where the stomach twists, is relatively common in species with a wide cardia and C-shaped stomach, like large breed dogs.

Horse Stomach Capacity

A horse's stomach has a capacity range of approximately 8-15 liters, important for veterinarians to consider when administering nasogastric tubes.

Non-Glandular Region in Horses

In some horses, a clear demarcation marks the non-glandular region of the stomach lining, differing from the glandular portion.

Stomach Homologous Part

The glandular part of the horse's stomach is homologous to the forestomach of ruminants, reflecting similar functions in digestion.

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Description

Learn about the different parts of the stomach including the fundus, body, and pylorus. Understand their functions and anatomical features in relation to the digestive system.