Anatomy of the Spine

Anatomy

• The columna vertebral, also known as the spine or vertebral column, is a complex system of bones, discs, and ligaments that extend from the base of the skull to the tailbone.
• It is composed of 33 vertebrae, which are divided into 5 regions:
  • Cervical (7 vertebrae, neck region)
  • Thoracic (12 vertebrae, chest region)
  • Lumbar (5 vertebrae, lower back region)
  • Sacrum (5 fused vertebrae, pelvis region)
  • Coccyx (4 fused vertebrae, tailbone region)
• Each vertebra has a specific structure, consisting of:
  • Body: the main part of the vertebra
  • Pedicles: bony projections that connect to the posterior elements
  • Transverse processes: bony projections that serve as attachment points for muscles and ligaments
  • Spinous process: a bony projection that serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments

Functions

• Support: the columna vertebral provides a framework for the body, allowing for upright posture and movement.
• Protection: the spine protects the spinal cord, a bundle of nerves that transmit messages between the brain and the rest of the body.
• Flexibility: the spine provides flexibility, allowing for a range of movements, such as twisting, bending, and stretching.
• Weight bearing: the spine bears the weight of the body, distributing the load evenly across the vertebrae and discs.
• Muscle attachment: the spine serves as an attachment point for muscles, which helps to facilitate movement and maintain posture.

Learn about the structure and functions of the columna vertebral, including its different regions, components, and roles in supporting the body. Discover how it provides flexibility, protection, and weight bearing, and serves as an attachment point for muscles.