Anatomy of the Skeletal System

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the paranasal sinuses?

To articulate with other bones

To connect the cranial bones

To move freely with the mandible

To give resonance and amplification to voice (correct)

What is unique about the hyoid bone?

It articulates with all other bones in the skull

It is the largest bone in the skull

It is a facial bone

It is the only bone that does not articulate with another bone (correct)

What is the primary function of the fontanelles in the fetal skull?

To articulate with other bones

To connect the cranial bones

To allow the brain to grow (correct)

To lighten the skull

What is the main characteristic of the fetal skull compared to the infant's total body length?

It is larger Signup and view all the answers

What is the only bone in the skull that is attached by a freely movable joint?

Mandible Signup and view all the answers

How many parts is the axial skeleton divided into?

Three Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ligaments in the skeletal system?

To connect bones to bones Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone tissue is characterized by small, needle-like pieces of bone with many open spaces?

Spongy bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the division of the skeletal system that includes bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage?

Axial skeleton Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of bones in the adult human skeleton?

206 Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is characterized by a shaft with heads at both ends and contains mostly compact bone?

Long bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the surface features of bones that serve as sites of attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments?

Bone markings Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the thin, flattened bones that are usually curved and have thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone?

Flat bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bones that do not fit into other bone classification categories?

Irregular bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the bony thorax?

To protect major organs Signup and view all the answers

Which bones make up the pelvic girdle?

Ilium, ischium, and pubic bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the vertebral column?

To protect the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Which bones make up the upper limb?

Humerus, ulna, and radius Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pectoral girdle?

To provide movement to the upper limb Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the male and female pelvis?

The female pelvis is wider than the male pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the intervertebral discs?

To separate the vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the carpals?

To form the wrist Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Skeletal System

The skeletal system consists of bones, joints, cartilages, and ligaments (bone to bone) and tendons (bone to muscle).
It is divided into two main divisions: axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.

Axial Skeleton

The axial skeleton includes bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.
The skull is divided into two parts: cranium and facial bones.
The vertebral column is composed of vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs and has a normal curvature.
The bony thorax forms a cage to protect major organs and consists of three parts: sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae.

Classification of Bones

Bones are classified into four types based on their shape:
- Long bones (e.g. femur, humerus)
- Short bones (e.g. carpals, tarsals)
- Flat bones (e.g. skull, ribs, sternum)
- Irregular bones (e.g. vertebrae, hip)

Bone Markings

Bone markings are surface features of bones that serve as sites of attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments, and passages for nerves and blood vessels.
There are two categories of bone markings: projections and processes, and depressions or cavities.

The Skull

The skull is composed of two sets of bones: cranium and facial bones.
The bones are joined by sutures, and only the mandible is attached by a freely movable joint.
The skull has paranasal sinuses, which are hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity that lighten the skull and give resonance and amplification to the voice.

The Hyoid Bone

The hyoid bone is the only bone that does not articulate with another bone.
It serves as a movable base for the tongue.

The Fetal Skull

The fetal skull is large compared to the infant's total body length.
Fontanelles are fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones that allow the brain to grow and convert to bone within 24 months after birth.

The Vertebral Column

The vertebral column is composed of vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs.
Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location.

The Bony Thorax

The bony thorax forms a cage to protect major organs and consists of three parts: sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae.

The Appendicular Skeleton

The appendicular skeleton includes the limbs (appendages), pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle.
The pectoral girdle is composed of two bones: clavicle (collarbone) and scapula (shoulder blade).
The upper limb is composed of the humerus (arm), radius and ulna (forearm), and carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges (hand).

The Pelvic Girdle

The pelvic girdle is composed of three pair of fused bones: ilium, ischium, and pubic bone.
The pelvis rests the total weight of the upper body and protects several organs, including the reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and part of the large intestine.
There are gender differences in the pelvis.

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of the skeletal system, including its parts, divisions, and bones of the human body. Learn about the axial and appendicular skeleton, and more.