Anatomy of the Sinuses Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary blood supply to the frontal sinuses?

Supra-orbital vessels (correct)

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches of the ophthalmic artery

Anterior, middle and posterior superior alveolar vessels of the maxillary artery

Posterior ethmoidal vessels

Which sinus is closely related to the roots of premolar and molar teeth?

Frontal sinus

Ethmoidal sinus

Sphenoidal sinus

Maxillary sinus (correct)

Which of the following structures does NOT open into the middle meatus?

Frontal sinus

Posterior ethmoidal sinus

Maxillary sinus

Sphenoid sinus (correct)

What is the anatomical relationship of the sphenoid sinus to the optic chiasma?

Superior (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is not a relation of the sphenoid sinus?

Maxillary nerve (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main artery that supplies the maxillary sinus?

External carotid artery (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which sinuses are described as being 'paired but asymmetrical'?

Frontal sinuses (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the anterior superior alveolar nerve?

V2 (Maxillary) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which sinus group is divided into anterior, middle, and posterior groups?

Ethmoidal sinuses (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the space beneath the middle concha?

Middle meatus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the opening through which the maxillary sinus drains?

Ostium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate size of a sphenoid sinus at the age of six?

The size of a small pea (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which sinus is traversed by the infraorbital nerve and vessel?

Maxillary sinus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What nerve supplies the posterosuperior part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Posterior lateral nasal nerve (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries supplies the anteroinferior part of the nasal septum?

Septal branch of superior labial artery (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of epistaxis (nosebleed)?

Rupture of the Kiesselbach's plexus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the pterygopalatine ganglion in the nasal cavity?

Providing postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the nasal glands (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries is NOT involved in the formation of Kiesselbach's plexus?

Maxillary artery (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the paranasal sinuses?

To warm and humidify inhaled air (C), To provide resonance to the voice (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the anterosuperior part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Anterior ethmoidal nerve (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a cause of rhinitis?

Exposure to dust (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which arterial branch supplies the anterosuperior part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Anterior ethmoidal artery (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves provides a primary sensory innervation to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Trigeminal nerve (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following titles is the most appropriate for someone with the designation 'Assoc.Prof.Dr.'?

Associate Professor, Doctor of Philosophy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Dr.' in the designation 'Assoc.Prof.Dr.' most likely stand for?

Doctor of Philosophy (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which academic rank is typically higher than 'Assoc.Prof.Dr.'?

Full Professor, Doctor of Philosophy (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which field is the designation 'Assoc.Prof.Dr.' most commonly used?

Academia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Assoc.Prof.' typically refer to?

A faculty member with a specific area of expertise (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the superior meatus in the lateral wall of the nose?

It is the shortest meatus located beneath the superior concha. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure is specifically used to address blockages in the sinuses?

Endoscopic sinus surgery (C) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is described as inflammation of the paranasal sinuses caused by a virus?

Maxillary sinusitis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does a coronal CT scan reveal in the case of an oroantral fistula?

Opacification of the maxillary sinus indicating chronic infection. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What indicates an osteomeatal obstruction in the sinus drainage pathway?

The final pathway for drainage of the frontal sinus. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the framework of the external nose?

Maxillary Sinus (D) Signup and view all the answers

The roof of the nasal cavity is formed partially by the cribriform plate, where does this structure reside?

Ethmoid bone (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT a bony projection of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Vestibule (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the three bony projections (conchae) situated within the nasal cavity?

To increase the surface area for air conditioning (D) Signup and view all the answers

The floor of the nasal cavity is formed by which two bones?

Maxilla and Palatine (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cartilaginous part of the nasal septum?

Septal Cartilage (C) Signup and view all the answers

The nasopalatine nerve, a branch of the maxillary nerve, provides sensory innervation to which part of the nasal septum?

Posteroinferior Part (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the olfactory nerve in the nasal septum?

Providing the sense of smell (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nose & Paranasal Sinuses

The nose and paranasal sinuses are studied together
The presenter is Assoc. Prof. Dr. Azian Abd Latiff, from the Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, UKM.

External Nose

Features:
- Root: Attaches to the forehead
- Dorsum: The upper part of the nose
- Apex/Tip: The tip of the nose
- Naris/Nostril: Bounded by ala and nasal septum
- Nasal Septum: Separating the left and right nasal cavities
Framework:
- Composed of cartilaginous and bony parts
- Lateral Cartilages
- Septal Cartilages
- Alar Cartilages
- Nasal bones
- Frontal processes of the maxillae
- Nasal part of the frontal bone & its nasal spine
- Bony nasal septum

Nasal Cavity

Roof:
- Middle part: formed by the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
- Anterior part: nasal part of frontal bone, nasal bone & cartilages
- Posterior part: inferior surface of body of sphenoid
Lateral Wall:
- Separates the nasal cavity from the orbit and maxillary sinus
- Characterized features:
  - Vestibule (anterior): LIned by skin with vibrissae(hairs)
  - Posterior part: Choanae (internal nasal space)
  - 3 bony projections: conchae (turbinates)
Floor: Formed by:
- Palatine process of maxilla
- Horizontal plate of palatine bone
Medial Wall/Nasal Septum:
- Divides the nasal cavity into 2 parts
- Consists of:
  - Bony part: Vomer & perpendicular plate ethmoid
  - Cartilaginous part: Nasal spine of frontal bone, Nasal crest of nasal bone, Septal cartilage, Septal process of inferior nasal cartilage, Columella
Nerve Supply:
- Internal nasal branch of anterior ethmoidal nerve (branch of V1): anterosuperior part of nasal septum
- Nasopalatine nerve (branch of V2): posteroinferior part of nasal septum
- Olfactory nerves (15-20 bundles): provide smell sensation
Blood Supply:
- Key areas affected: Kiesselbach's plexus/Little's area (common site of epistaxis - nosebleed), maxillary sinus
- Various arteries contribute: Sphenopalatine (maxillary), Anterior & Posterior ethmoidal (ophthalmic), Greater palatine (maxillary), Superior labial (facial), Lateral nasal branch (facial)

Paranasal Sinuses

Air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity into cranial bones
Paired but asymmetrical
Lined by respiratory epithelium
Various functions: air-conditioning chambers, resonating chambers, lighter bones
Bones involved: Frontal, Sphenoidal, Ethmoidal, Maxilla

Sphenoidal Sinus

A septum separates the left and right sinus
Located in the sphenoid bone (fragile)
Superior relations: Optic chiasma, Pituitary gland
Lateral relations: Internal carotid artery, Cavernous sinus
Posterior: Pons and medulla oblongata
Age 6: size of a small pea
Blood supply: Posterior ethmoidal vessels

Ethmoidal Sinuses

3-18 small interconnected air spaces
3 groups: anterior, middle, posterior
Lateral relations: Orbital plate of ethmoid
Blood supply: Anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches of ophthalmic artery

Frontal Sinuses

Two in number
Extends: upward and above the medial end of the eyebrow, backward into the medial part of the roof of the orbit
Blood supply: supra-orbital vessels
Nerve supply: supra-orbital nerves

Maxillary Sinuses

Largest and first to be formed
Pyramidal shaped
Roof: orbital surface of maxilla (traversed by infra-orbital nerve and vessel)
Floor: alveolar process of maxilla (closely related to roots of premolar and molar teeth)
Posterior wall: anterior wall of infratemporal fossa (pierced by posterior superior alveolar vessels and nerves)
Blood supply: anterior, middle and posterior superior alveolar vessels of maxillary artery
Nerve supply: similar to superior alveolar nerves

Openings of the Paranasal Sinuses

Meatus: space beneath the concha
- Inferior meatus: largest, beneath the inferior concha and opening of the nasolacrimal duct.
- Middle meatus: beneath the middle concha and receives openings from maxillary sinus, anterior & middle ethmoidal sinus, frontal sinus. Special features: uncinated process, ethmoid bulla, semilunar hiatus.
- Superior meatus: shortest, beneath the superior concha and opening of posterior ethmoidal sinus
- Sphenoethmoidal recess: above the superior concha and opening of sphenoidal sinus

Applied Anatomy

Maxillary sinusitis: inflammation of the maxillary sinus, often caused by a virus
Sinusitis: detected by radiological examination
Endoscopic sinus surgery: procedure to remove blockages, often including the uncinate process
Oroantral fistula: a defect in the maxillary sinus floor, often indicated by opacification on CT scans

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Description

This quiz assesses your knowledge of the anatomy and blood supply related to the various sinuses, including the frontal and maxillary sinuses. Questions cover their relationships with surrounding structures and their functions in the human body. Test your understanding of sinus anatomy now!