36 Questions
What type of injury is most likely to occur in the rotator cuff muscles?
Tendinosis
Which muscle is responsible for stabilizing the shoulder joint?
Subscapularis
What is the main function of the coraco-acromial ligament?
To stabilize the shoulder joint
Which of the following is NOT a typical sports injury in the shoulder region?
Strain
Which muscle is located superiorly in the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus
What is the term for chronic inflammation of a tendon?
Tendinosis
Which of the following muscles initiates abduction of the arm at the gleno-humeral joint?
Supraspinatus
Which muscle medially rotates the arm?
Subscapularis
Which muscle laterally rotates the arm?
Infraspinatus
Which muscle is responsible for medial rotation of the arm at the gleno-humeral joint?
Subscapularis
Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in rotation of the arm?
Supraspinatus
Which muscle is involved in abduction, but not rotation, of the arm?
Supraspinatus
What is the name of the structure located between the greater and lesser tubercles?
Intertubercular sulcus
Which of the following structures is located on the medial aspect of the humerus?
Medial epicondyle
What is the name of the structure that forms the lateral part of the elbow joint?
Capitulum
Which of the following structures is not a fossa of the humerus?
Intertubercular fossa
What is the name of the bony projection on the medial aspect of the proximal humerus?
Medial supraepicondylar ridge
Which of the following structures is not an articular surface of the humerus?
Deltoid tuberosity
Which artery is a branch of the axillary artery and supplies the humerus?
Humeral nutrient artery
Which artery is a branch of the brachial artery and supplies the ulnar collateral artery?
Superior ulnar collateral artery
Which nerve is associated with the profunda brachii artery?
Radial nerve
Which artery is a branch of the axillary artery and supplies the scapula?
Circumflex scapular artery
Which artery is a branch of the brachial artery and supplies the forearm?
Radial artery
Which artery is a branch of the axillary artery and supplies the humerus and scapula?
Suprascapular artery
Which artery is a branch of the brachial artery and supplies the medial aspect of the forearm?
Anterior ulnar recurrent artery
Which artery is a branch of the profunda brachii artery and supplies the posterior aspect of the arm?
Posterior humeral circumflex artery
What is the primary function of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle?
Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint
Which muscle is responsible for stabilizing the shoulder joint and flexing the arm at the shoulder joint?
Coracobrachialis
What is the main function of the brachialis muscle?
Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint
Which muscle is responsible for extending the forearm at the elbow joint?
Triceps brachii
What is the origin of the long head of the triceps brachii muscle?
Infraglenoid tubercle
Which muscle assists the triceps brachii muscle as an extensor of the forearm?
Anconeus
What is the origin of the coracobrachialis muscle?
Coracoid process
What is the course of the axillary artery?
Subclavian artery to thyrocervical trunk
What is the branch of the axillary artery that supplies the suprascapular region?
Acromial branch
What is the variant of the anconeus muscle that is present in less than 25% of the population?
All of the above
Study Notes
Deep Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles
- Supraspinatus initiates abduction of the arm at the glenohumeral joint
- Infraspinatus laterally rotates the arm
- Teres minor laterally rotates the arm
- Teres major medially rotates the arm
- Subscapularis medially rotates the arm
Rotator Cuff Muscles
- Coraco-acromial ligament is associated with supraspinatus
- Typical sports injuries to rotator cuff muscles include tears, tendinosis, inflammation, and fibrosis
The Humerus and its Articulations
- The humerus has a greater tubercle, head, lesser tubercle, anatomical neck, intertubercular sulcus, and radial groove
- The deltoid tuberosity, medial and lateral supraepicondylar ridges, coronoid fossa, olecranon fossa, radial fossa, medial and lateral epicondyles, capitulum, and trochlea are all features of the humerus
The Anterior Compartment of the Arm
- Biceps brachii has a long head that originates from the supraglenoid tubercle and a short head that originates from the coracoid process
- Biceps brachii flexes the forearm at the elbow joint and stabilizes the shoulder
- In 10% of people, biceps brachii has a third head that originates from the superomedial part of the brachialis
- Coracobrachialis originates from the coracoid process and adducts and flexes the arm at the shoulder joint
- Brachialis is the main flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint and has two heads that originate from the coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
The Posterior Compartment of the Arm
- Triceps brachii has three heads (medial, lateral, and long) and is the main extensor of the forearm at the elbow joint
- Triceps brachii also adducts and extends the arm at the shoulder joint
- Anconeus assists triceps brachii as an extensor of the forearm and tenses the capsule of the elbow joint
Blood Supply to the Shoulder Region and Arm
- The axillary artery originates from the subclavian artery and has several branches
- Anastomoses around the scapula involve the suprascapular artery, axillary artery, circumflex scapular artery, and dorsal scapular artery
- The brachial artery gives rise to the profunda brachii artery, humeral nutrient artery, and radial and middle collateral arteries
Test your knowledge of the deep intrinsic shoulder muscles, rotator cuff muscles, and humerus articulation.
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