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Questions and Answers
Which part of the vertebral column consists of 5 fused sacral vertebrae?
What is the Latin term for the sacrum?
Which part of the sacrum is smooth and concave?
How many transverse ridges are present on the sacrum?
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What is the triangular shaped opening within the sacrum called?
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What does the median sacral crest represent?
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What is the base of the coccyx located?
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What is the coccyx initially considered until middle or old age?
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What is the group of spinal nerve roots distal to the end of the spinal cord called?
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Which rami supply muscles and skin of the extremities?
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Which structure is responsible for delivering epidural anesthesia through the sacral hiatus?
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What is the main use of caudal anesthesia?
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What is the term for the congenital condition characterized by the failure of the neural arch to close posteriorly?
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In the photo on the right, what is different about the sacral hiatus compared to normal?
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What is the name of the joint between L5 and the sacrum?
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What is the lumbosacral angle?
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What bones make up the pelvis?
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What is the term for the condition where the bones of the pelvis begin to fuse together after puberty?
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What is the name of the joint between the sacrum and the ilium?
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What is the term for the X-ray appearance of the sacrum?
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Study Notes
Sacrum
- Consists of 5 fused sacral vertebrae
- Latin term: Os sacrum
- The auricular surface is smooth and concave
Features of Sacrum
- 3 to 4 transverse ridges present
- Triangular shaped opening within the sacrum is called the sacral hiatus
- Median sacral crest represents the fused spinous processes
Coccyx
- Base of the coccyx is located at the anterior surface of the sacrum
- Initially, the coccyx is 3-4 separate bones, fusing together by middle or old age
Spinal Nerve Roots
- Group of spinal nerve roots distal to the end of the spinal cord is called the cauda equina
- Anterior and posterior rami supply muscles and skin of the extremities
Anesthesia
- The sacral hiatus is responsible for delivering epidural anesthesia
- Main use of caudal anesthesia is for obstetric and surgical procedures
Congenital Conditions
- Term for the congenital condition characterized by the failure of the neural arch to close posteriorly is spina bifida
Pelvis and Joints
- Joint between L5 and the sacrum is L5-S1 intervertebral disc
- Lumbosacral angle is the angle between the last lumbar vertebra and the sacrum
- Bones that make up the pelvis are ilium, ischium, and pubis
- Term for the condition where the bones of the pelvis begin to fuse together after puberty is synostosis
- Joint between the sacrum and the ilium is sacroiliac joint
- Term for the X-ray appearance of the sacrum is scarcogram
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and function of the sacrum and coccyx in the vertebral column. Learn about the vertebrae, intervertebral discs, and the curvature of the spine. Discover how the erect standing position affects the line of gravity and muscle activity.
