Anatomy of the Respiratory System

<p>Broncopneumonia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Orthopnea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nasal filtration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is damaged and reduced (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dry cough (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute pulmonary edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recurrent infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upright (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sudden onset chest pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dyspepsia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antitrypsin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased venous return (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute pneumothorax (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They push the mucus blanket towards the mouth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Granulocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary embolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduces respiratory muscle strain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stridor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plain X-ray chest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower limb edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate smell and respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right main bronchus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bronchi have thicker walls and cartilage, while bronchioles do not (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forced expiratory volume in one second (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40-80 m² (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type I pneumocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 lobes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammatory cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The correlation decreases significantly in asthma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitate communication between adjacent alveoli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visceral and parietal layers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bronchoscopy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eosinophilia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For sampling bronchial cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>75% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trepopnea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large volumes and purulent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemoptysis does not involve melena. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dry cough (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary infarction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaerobic infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asthma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nose is the primary entry point for air into the respiratory system. It is responsible for filtering, warming, and humidifying inhaled air, as well as detecting smells.

The throat, or pharynx, acts as a passageway for both air and food. It connects the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus.

Trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles are the branching airways that transport air to and from the lungs. Trachea is the main airway, branching into two bronchi leading to each lung, which further divide into bronchioles.

The right main bronchus is more vertical than the left one. This configuration causes inhaled foreign objects to more often end up in the right lung.

The primary bronchi further divide into segmental and sub-segmental bronchi, which eventually give rise to bronchioles. These smaller airways are responsible for distributing air throughout the lungs.

Bronchioles, the smaller branches of the respiratory system, lack cartilage and have a thinner muscular layer compared to larger airways. They also have a different cell lining.

Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. They are responsible for transferring oxygen into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide out.

The right lung has three lobes: upper, middle, and lower lobes. The left lung, however, has only two lobes: upper and lower lobes.

Inflammation of the lining of the lungs (pleura), causing sharp pain that worsens with deep breaths and improves when lying on the affected side.

Presence of excess fluid in the space between the lungs and chest wall.

Inflammation of the lung tissue itself.

Inflammation of one lobe of the lung.

Patches of inflammation in both lungs.

A group of conditions characterized by the presence of pus in the lungs.

The coordinated movement of cilia that pushes mucus along the airways.

Immotile cilia syndrome and cystic fibrosis are examples of what?

A condition where excessive breathing leads to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the blood, resulting in a rise in blood pH (alkalosis). This can cause muscle spasms (tetany) and increase the risk of seizures.

A type of shortness of breath that occurs when a person lies flat. It is often relieved by sitting up.

A rare condition where shortness of breath is worse when sitting or standing and relieved by lying down.

Shortness of breath caused by underlying heart problems, often due to the heart's inability to pump blood efficiently, leading to fluid build-up in the lungs.

A sudden onset of shortness of breath that occurs within minutes, indicating a serious medical condition.

A condition characterized by excessive and rapid breathing (hyperventilation) often associated with emotional distress.

A group of symptoms including shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, and rapid heartbeat, often associated with left-sided heart failure.

A syndrome where shortness of breath is caused by weakness of the respiratory muscles leading to decreased ventilation.

A forceful expulsion of air from the lungs to clear the airways of irritants or secretions.

Coughing up sputum, suggesting a lung abscess or bronchiectasis.

Indicates a lung abscess, changing depending on the body position.

A sign of infection, often accompanied by yellow or green sputum.

Suggests pulmonary edema, often appears frothy and pink-tinged.

Coughing up blood from the respiratory tract, indicating a serious lung condition.

Infections, tumors, vascular diseases, or foreign objects.

Mitral stenosis, a condition affecting the heart valve, or cardiac asthma.

Chest pain that originates from the heart, often caused by conditions like myocardial infarction.

Chest pain that arises from the respiratory system, like acute pleurisy.

Chest pain stemming from the mediastinum, the space between the lungs, often due to conditions like mediastinitis or tumors.

Chest pain caused by issues with the chest wall itself, such as localized aching, tenderness, or fractures.

Fever, night sweats, loss of appetite, and weight loss, often associated with tuberculosis.

Indigestion, right abdominal pain, and lower limb swelling, often caused by hypoxic corpulmonale, a condition caused by chest disease.

Fatigue, headache, and altered mental state due to low blood oxygen levels.

Headache, drowsiness, and impaired consciousness caused by elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

A test that measures how quickly and deeply a person can exhale after a full breath.

The amount of air a person can exhale in one second.

The total amount of air a person can exhale after taking a deep breath.

A test that measures how fast a person can exhale after a full breath.

A measure of airflow that is more reliable than PEFR, especially in cases like asthma.

This is a dynamic measure of flow used in formal spirometry, representing a truer indication of airway obstruction than PEFR.

A procedure that involves sampling sputum to examine its characteristics and identify potential infections.

A minimally invasive procedure where a thin needle is inserted into the lung to obtain a tissue sample.