Anatomy of the Pituitary Gland
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Questions and Answers

Which laboratory finding is characteristic of Cushing’s syndrome?

  • Loss of circadian rhythm of ACTH and cortisol (correct)
  • Decreased serum cortisol
  • Normal levels of urinary free cortisol
  • Elevated serum insulin
  • What is a common metabolic effect of excess cortisol in Cushing’s syndrome?

  • Hypocalcemia and increased parathyroid hormone levels
  • Hypernatremia and potassium retention
  • Hypoglycemia and insulin sensitivity
  • Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (correct)
  • Which system is affected by excess cortisol in Cushing’s syndrome, leading to thin, friable skin and wide purple striae?

  • Immune system
  • Dermatologic system (correct)
  • Adipose system
  • Vascular system
  • Which of the following is a neurologic manifestation associated with excess cortisol in Cushing’s syndrome?

    <p>Peripheral neuropathy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of excess cortisol on muscle in Cushing’s syndrome?

    <p>Wasting and weakness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is a sensitive indicator for endogenous Cushing’s syndrome?

    <p>Midnight salivary cortisol test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hypercalcemia?

    <p>Primary hyperparathyroidism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key finding in primary hyperparathyroidism?

    <p>Increased PTH levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a characteristic finding of primary hyperparathyroidism?

    <p>Decreased ionized calcium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism?

    <p>Parathyroidectomy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of renal osteodystrophy in chronic renal failure?

    <p>Secondary hyperparathyroidism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a characteristic finding of malignancy-related hypercalcemia without bone metastases?

    <p>Increased PTH levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Cold intolerance and decreased sweating (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In hyperthyroidism, what is the effect on cardiovascular function?

    <p>Increased cardiac output, tachycardia, and palpitations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Myxedema (non-pitting edema) and deep voice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In hyperthyroidism, what is the effect on general behavior?

    <p>Restlessness, irritability, anxiety, hyperkinesis, and wakefulness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hypothyroidism on respiratory function?

    <p>Hypoventilation (decreased breathing) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the thyroid follicles?

    <p>Synthesizing and storing thyroid hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the thyroid gland's structure is correct?

    <p>It consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus, resembling a butterfly shape (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component found within the follicular cavity?

    <p>Colloid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cell types is responsible for producing thyroid hormones?

    <p>Follicular cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate weight range of a healthy thyroid gland?

    <p>15-25 grams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the lobules in the thyroid gland?

    <p>Containing and separating the follicles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the pituitary gland comprises the largest portion and produces nearly all the adenohypophysis hormones?

    <p>Pars distalis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type in the pituitary gland is responsible for secreting the $\alpha$ and $\beta$ subunits of FSH and LH?

    <p>Gonadotrophs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is cleaved from the prohormone POMC within the pituitary gland?

    <p>ACTH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pituitary lobe is described as being more vascular than the pars distalis, and containing mostly gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs?

    <p>Pars tuberalis/pars infundibularis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pituitary hormone exhibits the highest levels during puberty, but steadily declines with increasing age?

    <p>Growth hormone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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