Anatomy of the Ovary

Study Notes

Ovary Anatomy and Structure

The hilum of the ovary is where the entrance of arteries and nerves occurs.
The ovary is typically almond-shaped.
The pole of the ovary that faces the abdominal opening of the uterine tube is known as the infundibulum.
The surface of the ovary is covered by a layer of cells called the germinal epithelium.

Location and Function

Ovaries are located within the peritoneal cavity, specifically in the lateral pelvic walls.
The primary function of the ovaries is to produce ova (egg cells) and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.

Ovarian Structure Details

Under the germinal epithelium, the tunica albuginea, a membrane, is found.
The ovarian medulla contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue; its primary function is to support the ovarian follicles.

Follicle Structure and Roles

Primary ovarian follicles are responsible for the early development of oocytes, each consisting of an immature egg cell surrounded by granulosa cells.
The cumulus oophorus serves to support the oocyte within the follicle and facilitates its nourishment.
The theca interna produces and secretes hormones, primarily androgens, which are essential for ovary function.

Egg Cell Characteristics

The oocyte (egg cell) is considered the largest cell in the body.
Follicular cells form a protective layer around the egg cell as it develops into the antral follicle stage.
The nucleolus of the egg cell contains RNA essential for protein synthesis during oocyte maturation.
Primary ovarian follicles mature into secondary and then vesicular (Graafian) follicles over time.
The mature vesicular follicles are surrounded by theca externa and granulosa cell layers.

Description

Learn about the structure, location, and function of the ovary as a paired mixed gland within the female reproductive system. Understand the development of female genital cells and the formation of sex hormones in the ovaries.