25 Questions
What is the shape of the extension of the proximal tubule that surrounds the structure?
Cup-shaped
What is the name of the structure that is surrounded by the extension of the proximal tubule?
Glomerulus
What is the term used to describe the extension of the proximal tubule that surrounds the structure?
Bowman's capsule
What is the location of the extension of the proximal tubule that surrounds the structure?
Proximal tubule
What is the function of the extension of the proximal tubule that surrounds the structure?
Filtration of blood
What is the primary function of fenestrae in glomerular capillary endothelial cells?
To facilitate the passage of circulating molecules to the glomerular basement membrane
What is the main purpose of the glomerular basement membrane in the kidney?
To facilitate the exchange of molecules between the blood and the Bowman's capsule
What would be the most likely consequence of a defect in the fenestrae of glomerular capillary endothelial cells?
Impaired exchange of molecules between the blood and the Bowman's capsule
What is the term for the process by which molecules pass through the fenestrae of glomerular capillary endothelial cells to reach the glomerular basement membrane?
Ultrafiltration
What is the primary function of the glomerular capillary endothelial cells in the kidney?
To facilitate the exchange of molecules between the blood and the Bowman's capsule
What is the short-term effect of vasoconstriction of the efferent arterioles on glomerular perfusion pressure?
Increase glomerular perfusion pressure
What is the purpose of vasoconstriction of the efferent arterioles in the kidney?
To restore glomerular perfusion pressure
What is the effect of vasoconstriction of the efferent arterioles on intraglomerular pressure?
Increase intraglomerular pressure
What is the site of vasoconstriction that helps to restore glomerular perfusion pressure?
Efferent arterioles
What is the outcome of vasoconstriction of the efferent arterioles on kidney function?
Increased glomerular filtration rate
In which age group does minimal change nephropathy account for the majority of cases of nephrotic syndrome?
Children
What is the characteristic histological feature of diseases presenting with nephrotic syndrome?
Little histological evidence of inflammation or cell proliferation
What is the primary site of injury in diseases presenting with nephrotic syndrome?
Podocytes
What percentage of adult cases of nephrotic syndrome are attributed to minimal change nephropathy?
One-quarter
What is the classification of diseases presenting with nephrotic syndrome based on histological features?
Nonproliferative
What is the initial step in managing nephrotic syndrome?
Quantify proteinuria using PCR or ACR
What should be the primary focus of managing nephrotic syndrome?
Identifying and treating the underlying cause
Why is proteinuria quantification essential in managing nephrotic syndrome?
To monitor the effectiveness of treatment
What is not a primary goal in managing nephrotic syndrome?
Performing a kidney transplant
What is the relationship between proteinuria quantification and managing nephrotic syndrome?
Proteinuria quantification is a prerequisite to managing nephrotic syndrome
Test your knowledge of the structure and function of the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. Learn about Bowman's capsule and its role in the proximal tubule. Evaluate your understanding of the kidney's filtration process.
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