Anatomy of the Nephron

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What is the shape of the extension of the proximal tubule that surrounds the structure?

Sphere-shaped

Oval-shaped

Bell-shaped

Cup-shaped (correct)

What is the name of the structure that is surrounded by the extension of the proximal tubule?

Collecting duct

Nephron

Renal corpuscle

Glomerulus (correct)

What is the term used to describe the extension of the proximal tubule that surrounds the structure?

PCT extension

Malpighian corpuscle

Bowman's capsule (correct)

Renal calyx

What is the location of the extension of the proximal tubule that surrounds the structure?

Proximal tubule Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the extension of the proximal tubule that surrounds the structure?

Filtration of blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fenestrae in glomerular capillary endothelial cells?

To facilitate the passage of circulating molecules to the glomerular basement membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the glomerular basement membrane in the kidney?

To facilitate the exchange of molecules between the blood and the Bowman's capsule Signup and view all the answers

What would be the most likely consequence of a defect in the fenestrae of glomerular capillary endothelial cells?

Impaired exchange of molecules between the blood and the Bowman's capsule Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which molecules pass through the fenestrae of glomerular capillary endothelial cells to reach the glomerular basement membrane?

Ultrafiltration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the glomerular capillary endothelial cells in the kidney?

To facilitate the exchange of molecules between the blood and the Bowman's capsule Signup and view all the answers

What is the short-term effect of vasoconstriction of the efferent arterioles on glomerular perfusion pressure?

Increase glomerular perfusion pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of vasoconstriction of the efferent arterioles in the kidney?

To restore glomerular perfusion pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of vasoconstriction of the efferent arterioles on intraglomerular pressure?

Increase intraglomerular pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of vasoconstriction that helps to restore glomerular perfusion pressure?

Efferent arterioles Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of vasoconstriction of the efferent arterioles on kidney function?

Increased glomerular filtration rate Signup and view all the answers

In which age group does minimal change nephropathy account for the majority of cases of nephrotic syndrome?

Children Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic histological feature of diseases presenting with nephrotic syndrome?

Little histological evidence of inflammation or cell proliferation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of injury in diseases presenting with nephrotic syndrome?

Podocytes Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of adult cases of nephrotic syndrome are attributed to minimal change nephropathy?

One-quarter Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of diseases presenting with nephrotic syndrome based on histological features?

Nonproliferative Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in managing nephrotic syndrome?

Quantify proteinuria using PCR or ACR Signup and view all the answers

What should be the primary focus of managing nephrotic syndrome?

Identifying and treating the underlying cause Signup and view all the answers

Why is proteinuria quantification essential in managing nephrotic syndrome?

To monitor the effectiveness of treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is not a primary goal in managing nephrotic syndrome?

Performing a kidney transplant Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between proteinuria quantification and managing nephrotic syndrome?

Proteinuria quantification is a prerequisite to managing nephrotic syndrome Signup and view all the answers