Anatomy of the Neck

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Questions and Answers

Which muscle helps in depression of the mandible?

  • Deltoid muscle
  • Scalene muscle
  • Sternocleiodomastoid muscle
  • Platysma muscle (correct)

What is the origin of the sternocleiodomastoid muscle?

  • Manubrium of the sternum
  • Inferior border of the mandible
  • Mastoid process of the temporal bone and nuchal line of the occipital bone (correct)
  • Nuchal line of the occipital bone

Which nerve supplies the platysma muscle?

  • Cervical plexus
  • CN VII (correct)
  • CN XI
  • Phrenic nerve

What is the function of the sternocleiodomastoid muscle when it acts alone?

<p>It turns the face superiorly towards the opposite side (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many groups are the muscles of the neck divided into?

<p>Three (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the platysma muscle?

<p>Fascia and skin over the great pectoral and deltoid muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of neck muscles includes the omotracheal triangle?

<p>The anterior group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the superficial cervical fascia in the neck?

<p>To provide a layer of protection for the underlying muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the anterior cervical region?

<p>Posterior triangle of the neck (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the triangle that includes the omotracheal triangle and the carotid triangle?

<p>Anterior cervical triangle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a part of the deep cervical fascia?

<p>Fasciae and tissue spaces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many major groups of muscles are in the neck?

<p>3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common function of the scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior muscles?

<p>Elevation of the first and second ribs and flexion of the neck laterally (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vertebrae is NOT an origin of the scalenus anterior muscle?

<p>C5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common innervation of the scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior muscles?

<p>Ventral rami of the cervical nerves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the scalenus posterior muscle?

<p>External surface of the second rib (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the scalenus anterior muscle in breathing?

<p>Inhalation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissue spaces of the neck lies between the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia and the pretracheal fascia?

<p>Anterior tissue space (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Regions of the Neck

  • The neck is divided into regions: anterior cervical region (or anterior cervical triangle), submandibular triangle, carotid triangle, muscular triangle (or omotracheal triangle), submental triangle, and lateral cervical region

Fascia of the Neck

  • The neck has superficial and deep cervical fascia
  • The deep cervical fascia condenses to form the carotid sheath, which encloses the internal jugular vein, common and internal carotid artery, and vagus nerve

Muscles of the Neck

  • The 16 muscles of the neck are divided into anterior, middle, and posterior groups
  • Anterior group:
    • Platysma muscle: originates from the inferior border of the mandible, fascia, and skin of the face; inserts into the fascia and skin over the great pectoral and deltoid muscles; functions to tense the skin of the neck and assist in depressing the mandible
    • Sternocleidomastoid muscle: originates from the mastoid process of the temporal bone and nuchal line of the occipital bone; inserts into the manubrium of the sternum; functions to turn the face superiorly towards the opposite side and flex the neck

Middle Group Muscles

  • Scalenus anterior: originates from the transverse processes of the C3 and C6 vertebrae; inserts into the tubercle on the superior surface of the first rib; functions to elevate the first rib, flex the neck laterally, and play a role in breathing
  • Scalenus medius: originates from the transverse processes of the C2 and C7 vertebrae; inserts into the superior surface of the first rib; functions to elevate the first rib and flex the neck laterally
  • Scalenus posterior: originates from the transverse processes of the C2 and C7 vertebrae; inserts into the external surface of the second rib; functions to elevate the second rib and flex the neck laterally

Fasciae and Tissue Spaces of the Neck

  • Divided into three compartments: anterior, middle, and posterior tissue spaces
  • Anterior tissue space lies between the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia and the pretracheal fascia
  • Middle tissue space is a visceral compartment between the pretracheal and prevertebral fascia

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