Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which anatomical landmark defines the superior margin of the neck?
Which anatomical landmark defines the superior margin of the neck?
- Hyoid bone
- Suprasternal notch
- Clavicle
- Base of the mandible (correct)
What structure marks the inferior margin of the neck?
What structure marks the inferior margin of the neck?
- Hyoid bone
- Suprasternal notch and clavicle (correct)
- Cricoid cartilage
- Base of the mandible
Which of the following is a component of the hyoid bone?
Which of the following is a component of the hyoid bone?
- Spinous process
- Vertebral body
- Greater horn (correct)
- Transverse foramen
How many cervical vertebrae are typically found in the human neck?
How many cervical vertebrae are typically found in the human neck?
Which of the following is considered an anterior structure within the neck?
Which of the following is considered an anterior structure within the neck?
Which of the following structures is located in the posterior aspect of the neck?
Which of the following structures is located in the posterior aspect of the neck?
Which of the following structures is located in the lateral aspect of the neck?
Which of the following structures is located in the lateral aspect of the neck?
The skin of the neck is characterized by which of the following?
The skin of the neck is characterized by which of the following?
Nerve roots C2-C5 provide cutaneous supply to which region?
Nerve roots C2-C5 provide cutaneous supply to which region?
From which nerve root does the greater occipital nerve originate?
From which nerve root does the greater occipital nerve originate?
Which nerve roots contribute to the cervical plexus?
Which nerve roots contribute to the cervical plexus?
Which nerve supplies the back of the neck and scalp up to the vertex?
Which nerve supplies the back of the neck and scalp up to the vertex?
Which nerve hooks around the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)?
Which nerve hooks around the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)?
Which nerve supplies the body of the mandible, parotid gland, and surface of the auricle?
Which nerve supplies the body of the mandible, parotid gland, and surface of the auricle?
Which nerve supplies the transverse region from the body of the mandible to the sternum?
Which nerve supplies the transverse region from the body of the mandible to the sternum?
The supraclavicular nerve arises from which nerve roots?
The supraclavicular nerve arises from which nerve roots?
Which division of the supraclavicular nerve crosses the medial end of the clavicle?
Which division of the supraclavicular nerve crosses the medial end of the clavicle?
Which division of the supraclavicular nerve supplies the chest wall?
Which division of the supraclavicular nerve supplies the chest wall?
Which division of the supraclavicular nerve supplies the skin of the shoulder and upper half of the deltoid?
Which division of the supraclavicular nerve supplies the skin of the shoulder and upper half of the deltoid?
Which muscle is located within the superficial fascia of the neck?
Which muscle is located within the superficial fascia of the neck?
What is the nerve supply to the platysma muscle?
What is the nerve supply to the platysma muscle?
Posterior auricular vein and posterior division of retromandibular vein drain into which vein?
Posterior auricular vein and posterior division of retromandibular vein drain into which vein?
What best describes the course of the external jugular vein?
What best describes the course of the external jugular vein?
Which of the following veins does the external jugular vein drain into?
Which of the following veins does the external jugular vein drain into?
Which of the following veins is a tributary of the external jugular vein?
Which of the following veins is a tributary of the external jugular vein?
Where does the anterior jugular vein begin?
Where does the anterior jugular vein begin?
What structure does the anterior jugular vein form above the suprasternal notch?
What structure does the anterior jugular vein form above the suprasternal notch?
Regarding neck anatomy, where are superficial lymph nodes located?
Regarding neck anatomy, where are superficial lymph nodes located?
The platysma muscle's primary action is to:
The platysma muscle's primary action is to:
A patient reports numbness on the back of their head extending up to the vertex. Which nerve is most likely involved?
A patient reports numbness on the back of their head extending up to the vertex. Which nerve is most likely involved?
A surgeon makes an incision along a horizontal cleavage line in the neck. What is the primary reason for this approach?
A surgeon makes an incision along a horizontal cleavage line in the neck. What is the primary reason for this approach?
A patient has lost sensation to the skin overlying the upper chest wall. Which nerve is MOST likely affected?
A patient has lost sensation to the skin overlying the upper chest wall. Which nerve is MOST likely affected?
If a physician is planning to cannulate a vessel deep in the lateral neck, which of the following structures should be given MOST consideration, in order to minimize the risk of causing damage?
If a physician is planning to cannulate a vessel deep in the lateral neck, which of the following structures should be given MOST consideration, in order to minimize the risk of causing damage?
Following a surgical procedure in the posterior triangle of the neck, a patient exhibits weakness in shoulder shrugging. which nerve was MOST likely injured?
Following a surgical procedure in the posterior triangle of the neck, a patient exhibits weakness in shoulder shrugging. which nerve was MOST likely injured?
Why might a surgeon choose to make an incision along a horizontal cleavage line when operating on the neck?
Why might a surgeon choose to make an incision along a horizontal cleavage line when operating on the neck?
What is the specific location of the supraclavicular nerves in relation to the clavicle?
What is the specific location of the supraclavicular nerves in relation to the clavicle?
During an anatomical dissection, a student notes a nerve coursing along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and supplying the lateral part of the occipital region. which of the following is the nerve in question?
During an anatomical dissection, a student notes a nerve coursing along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and supplying the lateral part of the occipital region. which of the following is the nerve in question?
A patient is diagnosed with a lesion affecting the ansa cervicalis. Which muscles would MOST likely be affected by this condition?
A patient is diagnosed with a lesion affecting the ansa cervicalis. Which muscles would MOST likely be affected by this condition?
Flashcards
Superior margin of the neck
Superior margin of the neck
The superior margin of the neck, which is at the base of the mandible.
Inferior margin of the neck
Inferior margin of the neck
The inferior margin of the neck, which is at the suprasternal notch and clavicle.
Hyoid Bone
Hyoid Bone
A U-shaped bone in the neck that aids in tongue movement and swallowing.
Cervical Vertebrae
Cervical Vertebrae
The section of the spine in the neck composed of seven vertebrae (C1-C7).
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Anterior content of the neck
Anterior content of the neck
Includes the respiratory system, larynx, and trachea.
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Posterior content of the neck
Posterior content of the neck
Includes the GIT, pharynx, and esophagus.
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Lateral content of the neck
Lateral content of the neck
Includes the carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, and deep cervical lymph nodes.
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Horizontal cleavage lines of neck skin
Horizontal cleavage lines of neck skin
Lines in the skin of the neck that tend to run horizontally.
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C2-C5 Nerves
C2-C5 Nerves
Nerves C2-C5 provides sensory supply of the neck.
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C2 Nerve Root
C2 Nerve Root
The nerve root C2, provides innervation to the greater occipital nerve.
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C1-C4 Nerve Root
C1-C4 Nerve Root
The cervical plexus, formed by nerve roots C1-C4.
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Greater Occipital Nerve
Greater Occipital Nerve
The area supplied by the greater occipital nerve, from nerve root C2, includes the back of the neck and scalp up to the vertex.
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Lesser Occipital Nerve
Lesser Occipital Nerve
Originates from the nerve root C2, hooks around accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI), goes to posterior border of sternocleidomastoid, supplies occipital region and medial auricle surface.
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Greater Auricular Nerve
Greater Auricular Nerve
Originates from the nerve roots C2 and C3, moves across the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and goes upward to supply the body of mandible, parotid gland, and auricle surface.
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Transverse Cutaneous Nerve
Transverse Cutaneous Nerve
Originates from the nerve roots C2 and C3, moves behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle to supply the transverse region, mandible, sternum, and ant/lat neck.
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Supraclavicular Nerve
Supraclavicular Nerve
Originates from the nerve roots C3 and C4.
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Medial Supraclavicular Nerve
Medial Supraclavicular Nerve
This nerve corsses the medial end of clavicle and supplies skin of median plane.
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Intermediate Supraclavicular Nerve
Intermediate Supraclavicular Nerve
This nerve crosses the mid of clavicle and supplies the chest wall.
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Lateral Supraclavicular Nerve
Lateral Supraclavicular Nerve
This nerve crosses the lateral end of clavicle, supplies skin of shoulder and upper half of the deltoid, and covers the posterior aspect of shoulder upto the spine of scapula.
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Platysma
Platysma
A muscle in the superficial fascia of the neck.
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Platysma Origin
Platysma Origin
Attaches to the deep fascia over the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles.
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Platysma Insertion
Platysma Insertion
Attaches to the body of the mandible and angle of mouth.
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Platysma Nerve Supply
Platysma Nerve Supply
The nerve that supplies the platysma muscle.
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Platysma Action
Platysma Action
Depresses the mandible and angle of mouth.
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External Jugular Vein
External Jugular Vein
A superficial vein of the neck that drains blood from the posterior auricular vein and posterior division of the retromandibular vein.
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Origin of External Jugular Vein
Origin of External Jugular Vein
Starts from behind the angle of the mandible.
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External Jugular Vein Path
External Jugular Vein Path
The vein crosses the sternocleidomastoid muscle obliquely
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External Jugular Vein and Clavicle
External Jugular Vein and Clavicle
Before draining to the subclavian, this vein comes over the clavicle
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External Jugular Vein Termination
External Jugular Vein Termination
The external jugular vein pierces this structure before draining into the subclavian vein.
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Tributaries of External Jugular Vein
Tributaries of External Jugular Vein
Receives blood from veins such as the posterior auricular, retromandibular division, posterior external jugular, transverse cervical, and suprascapular veins.
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Location of Anterior Jugular Vein
Location of Anterior Jugular Vein
Just below the chin, close to midline, and above the suprasternal notch.
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Anterior Jugular Vein to...
Anterior Jugular Vein to...
The anterior jugular vein drains into this vein.
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Superficial Lymph Nodes
Superficial Lymph Nodes
Located along the external jugular vein and passes superficial to sternocleidomastoid muscle.
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Margins of the Neck
- Superior margin: Base of mandible
- Inferior margin: Suprasternal notch and clavicle
Bones of the Neck
- Hyoid bone consists of the body, greater horn, and lesser horn
- Cervical vertebrae range from C1 to C7
Content of Neck
- Includes anterior, posterior, and lateral content
Anterior Content
- Respiratory system
- Larynx
- Trachea
Posterior Content
- GIT
- Pharynx
- Esophagus
Lateral Content
- Carotid arteries
- Internal jugular vein
- Vagus nerve
- Deep cervical lymph nodes
Skin of Neck
- Has horizontal cleavage lines
Cutaneous Nerves of Neck
- Includes C1-C8
- C1 has no cutaneous supply
- C2 to C5 supply the neck
- C1-C4 forms the cervical plexus
C2 Nerve Root
- Greater occipital nerve
C1-C4 Nerve Root (Cervical Plexus)
- Lesser occipital nerve
- Greater auricular nerve
- Transverse cutaneous nerve
- Supraclavicular nerve
Greater Occipital Nerve
- Supplies the back of neck and scalp up to the vertex
- Originates from nerve root C2
Lesser Occipital Nerve
- Nerve root C2
- Hooks around the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)
- Goes to the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Supplies the lateral part of the occipital region and the medial surface of the auricle
Greater Auricular Nerve
- Nerve roots C2 and C3
- Moves across the sternocleidomastoid muscle and goes upward
- Supplies the body of the mandible, parotid gland, and surface of the auricle
Transverse Cutaneous Nerve
- Nerve roots C2 and C3
- Moves behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Supplies transversely to the transverse region from the body of the mandible to the sternum and the anterior and lateral surface of the neck
Supraclavicular Nerve
- Nerve roots C3 and C4
- Consists of medial, intermediate, and lateral branches
Medial Supraclavicular Nerve
- Crosses the medial end of the clavicle
- Supplies skin of the median plane
Intermediate Supraclavicular Nerve
- Crosses the middle of the clavicle
- Supplies the chest wall
Lateral Supraclavicular Nerve
- Crosses the lateral end of the clavicle
- Supplies skin of the shoulder plus the upper half of the deltoid
- Supplies the posterior aspect of the shoulder up to the spine of the scapula
Superficial Fascia of Neck
- Platysma muscle
- Superficial veins, including the external jugular vein
- Superficial lymph nodes
Platysma
- Originates from the deep fascia over the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles
- Insertion: Body of the mandible and angle of the mouth
- Nerve supply: Facial nerve
- Action: Depresses the mandible and angle of the mouth
External Jugular Vein
- Posterior auricular vein and posterior division of retromandibular vein drain into external jugular vein
- Course:
- Starts from behind the angle of the mandible
- Crosses the sternocleidomastoid muscle obliquely
- Comes over the clavicle
- Pierces the deep fascia
- Drains into the subclavian vein
External Jugular Vein Tributaries
- Posterior auricular vein
- Posterior division of retromandibular vein
- Posterior external jugular vein
- Transverse cervical vein
- Suprascapular vein
Anterior Jugular Vein
- Begins just below the chin
- Runs downward to the neck close to the midline
- Above the suprasternal notch, forms the jugular venous arch
- Turns laterally and crosses the sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Drains into the external jugular vein
Superficial Lymph Nodes
- Lies along the external jugular vein
- Passes superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Includes mastoid lymph nodes and occipital lymph nodes, and deep lymph nodes
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