Anatomy of the Neck: Arteries and Glands

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Questions and Answers

Which artery arises at the same level as the facial artery?

Posterior auricular artery

Occipital artery (correct)

Maxillary artery

Ascending pharyngeal artery

Which branch of the External Carotid Artery supplies the middle ear?

Tonsillar artery

Posterior tympanic artery (correct)

Inferior tympanic artery

Mastoid branch

Which artery passes through the apical part of the parotid gland?

Occipital artery

Maxillary artery

Superficial temporal artery

Posterior auricular artery (correct)

What is the smallest branch of the External Carotid Artery?

Ascending pharyngeal artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is described in relation to the face?

Maxillary artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery crosses the lateral aspect of the scalp?

Posterior auricular artery Signup and view all the answers

In the carotid triangle, which structure lies posteriorly and medially to the ICA?

sympathetic trunk Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve crosses the ICA laterally in the parapharyngeal space?

hypoglossal nerve Signup and view all the answers

On the right side, which artery does the subclavian artery arise from?

brachiocephalic artery Signup and view all the answers

Which structure lies medially to the right subclavian artery?

scalenus anterior Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve hooks around the right subclavian artery?

right recurrent laryngeal nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which structure lies laterally to the left subclavian artery?

trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the sinus that is a tributary of the internal jugular vein?

Sigmoid sinus Signup and view all the answers

Where is the external jugular vein formed?

Behind the angle of the mandible Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following veins may the external jugular vein enter?

Either the internal jugular, brachiocephalic, or subclavian veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the vein that begins below the hyoid bone?

Anterior jugular vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of internal jugular and subclavian veins catheterisations?

To use central venous line for clinical needs like checking central venous pressure or parenteral nutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that unites the two anterior jugular veins?

Jugular arch Signup and view all the answers

What is the point of division of the common carotid artery into external and internal carotid arteries?

At the level of the upper border of thyroid cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve lies medially to the external carotid artery in the carotid triangle?

Hypoglossal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship of the external carotid artery to the internal carotid artery in the carotid triangle?

The external carotid artery lies medially to the internal carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of branches that the external carotid artery gives off?

Eight Signup and view all the answers

Where does the external carotid artery terminate?

Behind the neck of the mandible Signup and view all the answers

Which structure does the external carotid artery pass through?

Parotid gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the carotid body located at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery?

Detection of chemical changes in the blood Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for the innervation of the carotid sinus and carotid body?

CN IX Signup and view all the answers

At what level does the common carotid artery bifurcate?

At the level of the hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the right common carotid artery?

Brachiocephalic trunk Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the carotid sinus located at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery?

Regulation of blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery?

It is a site for baroreceptors and chemoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

In the carotid triangle, which structure lies anteriorly to the ICA?

Prevertebral fascia and the sympathetic trunk Signup and view all the answers

What lies behind the ICA in the carotid triangle?

Vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the ICA and the ECA in the parapharyngeal space?

The ICA lies posteriorly and medially to the ECA Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the right subclavian artery and the jugular vein?

The right subclavian artery lies behind the jugular vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the left subclavian artery and the thoracic duct?

The thoracic duct crosses anterior to the left subclavian artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the right recurrent laryngeal nerve and the right subclavian artery?

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the right subclavian artery Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Arteries of the Neck

Common Carotid Artery (CCA): Divides into External Carotid Artery (ECA) and Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) at bifurcation, with carotid sinus (baroreceptor) and carotid body (chemoreceptor) located at this junction.
External Carotid Artery (ECA): Anteromedial branch of the CCA, arises at the bifurcation and terminates into the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries. Courses through the parotid gland.
Internal Carotid Artery (ICA): Lies posteriorly and medially to ECA within the carotid sheath, crossed by the hypoglossal nerve and stylohyoid muscle.

ECA Branches and Relations

Major Branches: Ascending palatine, tonsillar, submental, pharyngeal, meningeal, inferior tympanic, occipital, posterior auricular.
Occipital Artery: Arises at the same level as the facial artery, provides branches to neck muscles, mastoid region, and scalp.
Posterior Auricular Artery: Travels along the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, supplies auricular branches and tympanic artery to the middle ear.

Subclavian Artery

Origin: Right side from brachiocephalic trunk; left side from the aortic arch.
Relations: Right subclavian artery is medial to scalenus anterior and behind the jugular vein; left subclavian is behind the left common carotid artery and left vagus nerve.
Neurovascular Relations: Right recurrent laryngeal nerve and ansa subclavia encircle the right artery; thoracic duct crosses anterior to the left artery.

Jugular Veins

External Jugular Vein: Forms from the posterior branch of the retromandibular and posterior auricular veins; enters internal jugular, brachiocephalic, or subclavian veins.
Anterior Jugular Vein: Begins below the hyoid, enters external jugular or subclavian veins, linked by the jugular arch.

Clinical Significance

Central Venous Catheterization: Internal jugular and subclavian veins are accessed for monitoring central venous pressure and providing parenteral nutrition.
Anatomical Awareness: Knowledge of arterial and venous relations critical for surgical procedures and interventions in the neck region.

Summary of Veins

Tributaries of External Jugular Vein: Includes posterior auricular, occipital, suprascapular, and transverse cervical veins.
Brachiocephalic Veins: Comprised of vertebral vein and deep cervical vein; important for returning blood to the heart from the neck region.

Other Key Associations

Pharyngeal Space: ICA is separated from ECA by stylopharyngeus muscle and glossopharyngeal nerve; essential for understanding vascular dynamics in surgical contexts.

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Description

This quiz covers the relationships and branches of the external carotid artery in the neck region, including the submandibular gland and their connections to the face and pharynx. Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the neck!