Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity
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Questions and Answers

What type of epithelium lines the nasal cavity?

  • Stratified squamous epithelium
  • Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (correct)
  • Simple squamous epithelium
  • Cuboidal epithelium

    • What is the function of the vibrissae in the nasal cavity?

  • To act as resonating chambers for vocal quality (correct)
  • To filter dust particles from the air
  • To sense changes in air pressure
  • To aid in the detection of odors

    • What is the function of the nasal cavity in the respiratory system?

  • To warm and humidify the air (correct)
  • To filter out oxygen from the air
  • To detect odors in the air
  • To remove carbon dioxide from the air

    • What is the name of the region of the pharynx that lies above the point where food enters?

    <p>Nasopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cilia in the nasal cavity?

    <p>To create a coordinated motion to move mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Goblet cells in the nasal cavity?

    <p>To secrete mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sebaceous glands in the nasal cavity?

    <p>To keep the skin moisturized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common passageway for the respiratory and digestive systems?

    <p>Pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the epiglottis during swallowing?

    <p>Covers the larynx and prevents food from entering it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cartilage is the epiglottis composed of?

    <p>Elastic cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connection between the pharynx and trachea?

    <p>Larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the soft palate and epiglottis during swallowing?

    <p>Prevent food from entering the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the larynx?

    <p>An intricate arrangement of light cartilages connected by muscles and ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cartilage that anchors the vocal cords?

    <p>Arytenoid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nasopharynx blocked from during swallowing?

    <p>Food from passing through the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that separates the digestive and respiratory systems?

    <p>Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total volume of air that is forcefully expired after normal expiration or beyond the tidal volume?

    <p>ERV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of air in the lungs that prevents lung collapse?

    <p>RV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which gases are exchanged between alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated value of IRV in the given graph?

    <p>3000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total amount of air a person can inspire after normal inspiration?

    <p>TLC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated value of RV in the given example?

    <p>1200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of air remaining in the respiratory passage and the lungs after maximum expiration?

    <p>RV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which oxygen is released at high temperatures?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons are involved in transmitting signals from the peripheral chemoreceptors to the respiratory center?

    <p>Sensory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the central chemoreceptors located?

    <p>Medulla and pons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory center?

    <p>To control ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons are involved in transmitting signals from the respiratory center to the respiratory muscles?

    <p>Motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when there is a decrease in oxygen levels in the blood?

    <p>The peripheral chemoreceptors send signals to the respiratory center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located?

    <p>Carotid and aortic bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stimulus for the respiratory center to increase ventilation?

    <p>Decreased oxygen levels in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nerve transmits signals from the respiratory muscles to the brain?

    <p>Phrenic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of granulocytes in the body?

    <p>Phagocytizing microorganisms and other substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cell that is the precursor to lymphocytes?

    <p>Lymphoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the nucleus of basophils?

    <p>Two indistinct lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of granulocytes?

    <p>10-2 um in diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the differentiation of multipotential hematopoietic stem cells?

    <p>Formation of the common myeloid or lymphoid progenitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lymphocytes in the body?

    <p>Producing immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cytoplasmic granules of granulocytes?

    <p>They stain light pink or reddish purple</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the stem cell that gives rise to all types of blood cells?

    <p>Hemocytoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nasal Cavity

    • Lined with skin containing sebaceous and sweat glands, numerous hair follicles called vibrissae, and filters out particles from the inspired air
    • Acts as a resonating chamber, affecting vocal quality

    Pharynx

    • Common passageway for respiratory and digestive systems
    • Passageway for air and food
    • 3 regions: Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and Laryngopharynx
    • Nasopharynx: air conduit, extends from the nasal cavity to the level of the uvula, lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium containing Goblet cells which secrete mucus

    Larynx

    • Connects the pharynx to the trachea, also known as the voice box
    • Composed of light cartilages connected by muscles and ligaments
    • All laryngeal cartilages are composed of hyaline cartilage except for the epiglottis, which is composed of elastic cartilage
    • Epiglottis: 9th cartilage, inferior margin attached to the thyroid cartilage, superior part projects as a free flap toward the tongue, covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering

    Respiratory Volumes

    • Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): the forceful inhalation beyond tidal volume
    • Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV): the total volume of air that is forcefully expired after normal expiration or beyond the tidal volume
    • Residual Volume (RV): the volume of air in the lungs that prevents lung collapse, remains in the respiratory passage and the lungs after maximum expiration
    • Total Lung Capacity (TLC): the amount of air a person can inspire after normal inspiration

    Gas Exchange

    • Occurs primarily through diffusion
    • Diffusion of gases between alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries
    • Influenced by: Respiratory membrane thickness, temperature, and oxygen levels in the blood

    Respiratory Center

    • Located in the medulla and pons of the brain
    • Controls the activity of respiration or the respiratory muscles
    • Responds to changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood
    • Peripheral chemoreceptors: located in the carotid and aortic bodies, sensitive to low levels of oxygen and high levels of carbon dioxide
    • Central chemoreceptors: located in the medulla, sensitive to changes in carbon dioxide level in the blood

    Blood Cells

    • Monophonic theory of hematopoiesis: Hemocytoblast or pluripotent stem cells differentiate into specific mature blood cells
    • 5 types of white blood cells: Granulocytes, Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils, and Lymphocytes
    • Neutrophils: nucleus with two to four lobes, cytoplasmic granules stain a light pink or reddish purple, function: phagocytizes microorganisms and other substances
    • Basophils: nucleus with two indistinct lobes, cytoplasmic granules stain blue purple, function: unknown

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    Description

    Learn about the structure and functions of the nasal cavity, including its lining, glands, and hair follicles. Understand how it affects vocal quality and filters air.

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