Human Anatomy: Respiratory System Quiz

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What role do the olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity play?

Filtration of bacteria

Regulating airflow into the lungs

Humidifying the air

Sense of smell (correct)

Which structure increases the surface area of the mucosa in the nasal cavity?

Conchae (correct)

Soft palate

Palate

Goblet cells

What is the primary function of mucus in the nasal cavity?

To bind oxygen molecules

To provide structural support

To enhance sound resonance

To moisten air and trap debris (correct)

What are the paranasal sinuses named after?

Their location in the skull Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of the respiratory mucosa in the nasal cavity?

To filter and warm incoming air Signup and view all the answers

How do ciliated cells contribute to nasal health?

By moving contaminated mucus toward the throat Signup and view all the answers

What separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity?

Soft palate Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the pharynx in centimeters?

12-14 cm Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms the entrance to the larynx?

Epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the larynx?

To produce speech Signup and view all the answers

Which tonsils are located in the oropharynx?

Palatine tonsils Signup and view all the answers

What distinct characteristic does the cricoid cartilage have?

Only complete cartilaginous ring Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pharynx drains the middle ear?

Nasopharynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the vocal cords in the larynx?

Produce sound Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epiglottis during swallowing?

Covers the larynx opening Signup and view all the answers

What connects the larynx to the bronchi?

Trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the V/Q ratio being lower at the base of the lung compared to the apex?

It results in a greater increase in inspired volume at the base. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is typically associated with a low V/Q ratio?

Atelectasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of a high V/Q ratio in relation to gas exchange?

Increased PO2 and decreased PCO2 Signup and view all the answers

How does gravity affect perfusion in the lungs?

It increases perfusion at the base. Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario correctly represents a dead space in terms of V/Q ratio?

Blood bypassing ventilated areas without gas exchange. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the C-shaped cartilaginous rings in the trachea?

To maintain tracheal structure and prevent collapse Signup and view all the answers

What enables conscious control of breathing?

Cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the first line of defense against pathogens in the alveoli?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the main bronchi is true?

The right main bronchus is shorter and straighter than the left. Signup and view all the answers

How are large particles of debris filtered out of the air inhaled through the nose?

Cilia and mucus from the nasal cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cilia in the trachea?

To propel mucus away from the lungs Signup and view all the answers

How many lobar bronchi are found in the right lung?

Three Signup and view all the answers

What happens to foreign particles transported by the mucociliary escalator?

They are swallowed and eliminated by the digestive system. Signup and view all the answers

What separates the lobes of the lungs?

Fissures Signup and view all the answers

What role do lymphatic vessels in the trachea play?

They transport immune cells to trap foreign particles. Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism allows sputum and substances to be expelled from the respiratory tract?

Muscle contraction around the trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pleural fluid?

To allow easy gliding of lungs over the thoracic wall Signup and view all the answers

What increases the thickness of the fluid covering cilia in the bronchioles?

Increased mucus production Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes terminal bronchioles?

They are considered the last conducting passageways. Signup and view all the answers

What is found deep to the clavicle in relation to the lungs?

The apex of the lung Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the respiratory defense mechanisms is true?

Mucus traps small particles and aids in their expulsion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of surfactant produced by type II cells in the alveoli?

It reduces surface tension and prevents collapse of the alveoli. Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is primarily responsible for gas exchange in the alveoli?

Type I cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of alveolar pores?

To connect neighboring air sacs for alternative air routes. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily constitutes the respiratory membrane?

Thin layers of alveolar and capillary walls. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes conducting zone structures from respiratory zone structures?

Conducting zone structures serve as air conduits, while respiratory zones are sites of gas exchange. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of alveolar macrophages?

They clean up debris and pathogens in the alveoli. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the thinness of the alveolar walls?

To facilitate the rapid diffusion of gases. Signup and view all the answers

How do terminal bronchioles relate to the respiratory zone?

They mark the end of the conducting zone and lead directly to alveoli. Signup and view all the answers