10 Questions
What is the name of the condition caused by a tumor or other space-occupying lesion in the superior mediastinum?
Mediastinal syndrome
Which nerve compression leads to hoarseness of voice?
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
What is the result of tracheal compression in the superior mediastinum?
Dyspnea
Which of the following structures passes through the thoracic inlet?
All of the above
What is the result of compression of the superior vena cava in the superior mediastinum?
Venous congestion
What is the primary function of the nerves in the superior mediastinum?
To form the epithageal plexus and sympathetic trunks
What is the effect of compression of the esophagus in the superior mediastinum?
Dysphagia
Which of the following structures is NOT found in the superior mediastinum?
Gallbladder
What is the term for the network of veins in the superior mediastinum?
Azygos venous system
What is the location of the lymph nodes in the superior mediastinum?
Posterior to the thoracic vertebrae
Study Notes
Contents of the Middle Mediastinum
- Arteries: thoracic aorta, manifold branches
- Veins: azygos, hemiazygos, and accessory hemiazygos venous system
- Nerves: forming the oesophageal plexus, autonomic sympathetic trunks, and the glanchnic nerves
- Tubes: oesophagus, thenar ducting is tight sido
- Lymph nodes: posterior mediastinal lymph nodes
Mediastinal Syndrome
- A clinical condition caused by compression of the contents of the superior mediastinum
- Caused by a space-occupying lesion (e.g. tumours, enlarged lymph nodes, or an orthotopic thyroid gland)
- Manifestations depend on the structures compressed
- Vessels: compression leads to venous congestion on the upper limb, hand, and neck
- Trachea or oesophagus compression leads to dyspnoea or dysphagia, respectively
- Nerves: compression of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve leads to hoarseness of voice
Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the mediastinum, including its contents, boundaries, and clinical importance. This quiz covers the thoracic aorta, veins, nerves, esophagus, lymph nodes, and more.
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